{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:18:42Z","timestamp":1770722322932,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/PSI-ESP\/30980\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/PSI-ESP\/30980\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.07774.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.07774.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030980"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COST Action CA16102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COST Action CA16102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hereditary cancer syndromes are inherited pathogenic genetic variants that significantly increase the risk of developing cancer. When individuals become aware of their increased probability of having cancer, the whole family is affected by this new reality and needs to adjust. However, adjustment to hereditary cancer syndromes has been mainly studied at an individual level, and research about familial adjustment remains dispersed and disorganized. To overcome this gap, this review aims to understand how families adjust to genetic testing and risk management, and to what extent the family\u2019s adjustment influences the psychological response and risk management behaviors of mutation carriers. We conducted searches on the PubMed\/Med Line, PsycInfo, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases and used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT-v2018) to assess the methodological quality of each selected study. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Most results highlighted the interdependent nature of adjustment of pathogenic variant carriers and their families. The way carriers adjust to the syndrome is highly dependent on family functioning and related to how family members react to the new genetic information, particularly partners and siblings. Couples who share their worries and communicate openly about cancer risk present a better long-term adjustment than couples who use protective buffering (not talking about it to avoid disturbing the partner) or emotional distancing. Parents need help dealing with disclosing genetic information to their children. These findings reinforce the importance of adopting a family-centered approach in the context of genetic counseling and the necessity of involving family members in research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T01:46:08Z","timestamp":1643593568000},"page":"1603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Family Adjustment to Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences at University of Porto (FPCEUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5911-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Pietrabissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Eunice R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Psychology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Medical Genetics Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula Mena","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences at University of Porto (FPCEUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Em\u00edlia","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences at University of Porto (FPCEUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8541-5357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Bertuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2003-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences at University of Porto (FPCEUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences at University of Porto (FPCEUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia M. D.","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences at University of Porto (FPCEUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"706","article-title":"Hereditary Cancer Syndromes","volume":"105","author":"Rahner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rzteblatt Int."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2021, May 27). 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