{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T21:55:36Z","timestamp":1766267736931,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) can be avoided through effective care in the ambulatory setting. Patients are the most qualified individuals to express the social and individual contexts of their own experience. Thus, understanding why potentially preventable hospitalizations occur is important to develop patient-centred policies or interventions that may reduce them. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to capture the patients\u2019 perspective on the causes of the hospitalizations for ACSC. The development of a new questionnaire involved four phases: a literature review, face validity, pre-test, and validation. We conducted a three-step face validity verification to confirm the relevance of the identified determinants and to collect determinants not previously identified by interviewing healthcare providers, representatives of patients\u2019 associations, and patients. Determinants were identified through the literature review predominantly in the \u201cHealthcare Access\u201d, \u201cDisease self-management\u201d, and \u201cSocial Support\u201d domains. The validated resulting questionnaire comprises 25 questions, distributed by two dimensions (individual\/contextual) covering seven domains and 20 determinants of ACSC hospitalization. Currently, there are no validated instruments as comprehensive and easy to use as the one described in this paper. This questionnaire should provide a base for further language\/context validations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T10:21:16Z","timestamp":1646648476000},"page":"3138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patients\u2019 Perspectives on Determinants Avoidable Hospitalizations: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Siopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5780-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Feteira-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"\u00c1rea Disciplinar Aut\u00f3noma de Bioestat\u00edstica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Sousa","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Medicina 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Central, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Panarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Medicina 7.2, Hospital Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Central, 1050-099 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Medicina 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Central, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Afonso","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Medicina 4, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Central, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Medicina 7.2, Hospital Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Central, 1050-099 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8660-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1370-3242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S1744133118000518","article-title":"Who knows best? 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