{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:48:40Z","timestamp":1770918520867,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CICS-UBI projects , financed by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technolo-gy\/MCTES.","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020 and UIDP\/00709\/2020,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020 and UIDP\/00709\/2020,"]}]},{"name":"INFARMED \u2013 National Authority of Medicines and Health Products, I.P. through the Pharma-covigilance Unit of Beira Interior","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently used agents to treat musculoskeletal disorders (principally by the elderly), thus raising the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This work aims to monitor NSAIDs safety profile in older people by using literature and pharmacovigilance data. Published clinical studies reporting the NSAIDs safety in elderly patients (age \u2265 65) were identified by a literature search and were then deeply analyzed. In addition, suspected ADRs reports submitted to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System (PPS) involving patients aged \u226565 with at least one NSAID as suspected drug were explored in detail. Most studies concluded that the risk of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal ADRs was significantly lower with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective NSAIDs use than with nonselective NSAIDs. The PPS data analysis showed that serious gastrointestinal ADRs occurred mostly in patients taking more than one NSAID and\/or another concomitant drug that increases the incidence of these events, in the absence of gastroprotection. The results suggest that while NSAID toxicity is well understood, their safe use needs to be monitored in clinical practice. Furthermore, the pharmacovigilance data analyzed also showed that monitoring NSAIDs use in elderly remains essential to mitigate the associated risks, especially in those with comorbidities and under polytherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T22:09:58Z","timestamp":1647468598000},"page":"3541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Elderly: An Analysis of Published Literature and Reports Sent to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5225-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFBI\u2014Pharmacovigilance Unit of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4297-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFBI\u2014Pharmacovigilance Unit of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFBI\u2014Pharmacovigilance Unit of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"ESALD-IPCB\u2014Dr. Lopes Dias School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-767 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0306","article-title":"A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Wongrakpanich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-019-00660-1","article-title":"Safety of Oral Non-Selective Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Osteoarthritis: What Does the Literature Say?","volume":"36","author":"Cooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000130","article-title":"Predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding in older persons taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Results from the FDA adverse events reporting system","volume":"31","author":"McDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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