{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:55:40Z","timestamp":1772661340666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/04413\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There has been tremendous progress in the fight against HIV worldwide; however, challenges persist in the control of HIV infection. These challenges include the high prevalence of late presenters. There are many disadvantages of late presentation\u2014from reduced survival of the infected person to the risk of transmitting the infection. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the late presentation in patients attending Ndlavela Health Center in Mozambique. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at Ndlavela Health Center including patients diagnosed with HIV between 2015 and 2020. The European Late Presenter Consensus working group definitions were used, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with late presentation. Results: In total, 519 participants were included in the study, of which nearly 47% were classified as late presenters. The male gender (AOR = 2.41), clinical suspicious test (AOR = 4.03), initiated by the health professional (AOR = 2.1,9), and fear of stigma (AOR = 2.80) were the main risk factors for late HIV presentation. Conclusion: Factors that are potentially determinant for late HIV presentation were identified. Actions are needed to focus on risk factors that are most likely to delay presentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:23:11Z","timestamp":1649722991000},"page":"4568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Determinants of Late HIV Presentation at Ndlavela Health Center in Mozambique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6212-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremias Salom\u00e3o","family":"Chone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Av. Eduardo Mondlane 1008, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade, Av. Tom\u00e1s Nduda, Maputo 3276, Mozambique"},{"name":"Faculty of Ethics and Human Science, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e1s University, Av. Ahmed Sekou Tour\u00e9 690, Maputo 2088, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3903-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Barroso","family":"Abecasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Varandas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital CUF Descobertas, Rua M\u00e1rio Botas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12088","article-title":"Late presentation to HIV\/AIDS testing, treatment or continued care: Clarifying the use of CD4 evaluation in the consensus definition","volume":"15","author":"MacCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, H., Mao, Y., Tang, W., Han, J., Xu, J., and Li, J. 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