{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:14:11Z","timestamp":1768893251387,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-1-DE01-KA226-005754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1-DE01-KA226-005754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Virtual patients (VPs) are a suitable method for students to train their clinical reasoning abilities. We describe a process of developing a blueprint for a diverse and realistic VP collection (prior to VP creation) that facilitates deliberate practice of clinical reasoning and meets educational requirements of medical schools. Methods: An international and interdisciplinary partnership of five European countries developed a blueprint for a collection of 200 VPs in four steps: (1) Defining the criteria (e.g., key symptoms, age, sex) and categorizing them into disease-, patient-, encounter- and learner-related, (2) Identifying data sources for assessing the representativeness of the collection, (3) Populating the blueprint, and (4) Refining and reaching consensus. Results: The blueprint is publicly available and covers 29 key symptoms and 176 final diagnoses including the most prevalent medical conditions in Europe. Moreover, our analyses showed that the blueprint appears to be representative of the European population. Conclusions: The development of the blueprint required a stepwise approach, which can be replicated for the creation of other VP or case collections. We consider the blueprint an appropriate starting point for the actual creation of the VPs, but constant updating and refining is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T12:25:57Z","timestamp":1652963157000},"page":"6175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Planning a Collection of Virtual Patients to Train Clinical Reasoning: A Blueprint Representative of the European Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Education Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Vital","family":"Da Silva Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Hege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Education Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2956-2093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej A.","family":"Kononowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3895-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Larrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IIS-Arag\u00f3n), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-9189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Jarreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IIS-Arag\u00f3n), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"given":"Daloha","family":"Rodriguez-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Sousa-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Sudacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6721-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, DMU 3 Sant\u00e9 de L\u2019enfant et de L\u2019adolescent, APHP Paris Saclay, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, CNRS, CEA, Paris Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ellaway, R., Candler, C., Greene, P., and Smothers, V. 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