{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T11:35:41Z","timestamp":1760441741949,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["UID04045\/2020","UIDB\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID04045\/2020","UIDB\/04748\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cycling literature is filled with reports of electromyography (EMG) analyses for a better understanding of muscle function during cycling. This research is not just limited to performance, as the cyclist\u2019s goal may be rehabilitation, recreation, or competition, so a bicycle that meets the rider\u2019s needs is essential for a more efficient muscular activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the contribution of the activity of each of the following muscles: TD (trapezius descending), LD (latissimus dorsi), GM (gluteus maximus), and AD (anterior deltoid) in response to different bicycle-rider systems (handlebar height; bicycle frame length) and intensities in a bicycle equipped with a potentiometer. Surface EMG signals from muscles on the right side of the body were measured. A general linear model test was used to analyze the differences between muscle activation in the test conditions. Effect sizes were calculated using a partial Eta2 (\u03b72). The level of significance was set at 0.05. Muscle activation of different muscles differs, depending on the cycling condition (Pillai\u2019s trace = 2.487; F (36.69) = 9.300; p &lt; 0.001. \u03b72 = 0.958), mostly during low intensities. In high intensities, one specific pattern emerges, with a greater contribution of GM and TD and weaker participation of LD and AD, enhancing the cycling power output.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T08:50:51Z","timestamp":1653814251000},"page":"6590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of Handlebar Height and Bicycle Frame Length on Muscular Activity during Cycling: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8109-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Milheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Parraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-654 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-654 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4524-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio C.","family":"Espada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Set\u00fabal, School of Education, 2914-504 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1356-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Set\u00fabal, School of Education, 2914-504 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Louro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2008.03.002","article-title":"Surface EMG based muscle activity analysis for aerobic cyclist","volume":"13","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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