{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T05:05:10Z","timestamp":1762059910381,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/129156\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/129156\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Little attention has been given to the role of practitioners in evidence-based parenting programs and to the evaluation that parents make of their importance in the process of change. This study aims to explore the role that parents assign to the facilitators of the Incredible Years (IY) program in enabling long-term life changes, as well as the association between parents\u2019 evaluation of the practitioners\u2019 skills and specific changes perceived after the intervention. In this longitudinal study, we applied 1 survey to 80 community parents who had participated in an IY group 2 years before, and we retrieved archival data to assess changes in parents\u2019 ratings of sense of competence and in children\u2019s behaviors immediately after the end of the intervention. Two years after the intervention, parents perceived significant improvements, especially in their parenting and their children\u2019s behaviors, and they recognized that their IY practitioners had played a significant role in these life changes. Parents who attributed a greater role to the practitioners\u2019 skills reported a greater number of improvements in parental sense of competence and in children\u2019s behaviors. The practitioners\u2019 skills relating more broadly to these specific changes are the practitioners\u2019 sensitivity and flexibility towards parents\u2019 needs and the practitioners\u2019 ability to clearly share knowledge with parents. The practitioner\u2019s assigned role when implementing an evidence-based parenting program seems to go far beyond the mere conveyance of the program\u2019s specific contents and methods and deserves to be researched further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T22:03:42Z","timestamp":1658873022000},"page":"9100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Do Parents Perceive Practitioners to Have a Specific Role in Change? A Longitudinal Study Following Participation in an Evidence-Based Program"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7280-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6086-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita V.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6680-9289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Social Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-995 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Seabra-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6427.12226","article-title":"Family therapy and systemic interventions for child-focused problems: The current evidence base","volume":"41","author":"Carr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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