{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:45:17Z","timestamp":1771476317571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, MCTES-Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, FSE- European Social Fund and UE-European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147761\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147761\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, MCTES-Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, FSE- European Social Fund and UE-European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, MCTES-Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, FSE- European Social Fund and UE-European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147761\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147761\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter species can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals, and are associated with gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Some studies indicate that animals, health professionals, and people in close contact with animals might be at higher risk for infection with gastric Helicobacter spp. Considering that veterinarians are professionals at risk for infection with zoonotic gastric Helicobacters and are also seen by many as health communicators concerning zoonoses, the aim of this study was to evaluate the Portuguese veterinarians\u2019 perception and knowledge of Helicobacter spp. infection and its zoonotic risk\/potential. Therefore, a structured questionnaire composed of 34 dichotomic, multiple-choice, rating scale, matrix, drop-down, and open-ended questions was developed and given to Portuguese veterinarians via an online platform from May 2021 to July 2021, and statistical analysis was used to obtain results. There was a total of 149 respondents, most of them (73.8%) being females. Evidently, Portuguese veterinarians have a limited perception regarding Helicobacter spp. infections. Of the respondents that \u201chave heard of Helicobacter\u201d, 17.6% do not know which animal species can be affected by it. Most of the companion animal veterinarians (76.2%) do not consider Helicobacter spp. infection a differential diagnosis when evaluating animals with gastritis. A significant percentage (37.2%) of the respondents that have \u201cheard of H. suis\u201d do not consider it a zoonotic bacterium. There is a need for education and sensitization of veterinarians regarding the potential zoonotic risk of Helicobacter spp. in order to elucidate these professionals to this One Health issue, as the number of reports of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter in livestock, companion, and wild animals is increasing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:12:20Z","timestamp":1668654740000},"page":"15087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Perception and Knowledge of Portuguese Veterinarians about the Zoonotic Transmission of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter suis: The Need for One Health Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Cortez Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui Leandro","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITCEM\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Transdisciplinar \u00abCultura, Espa\u00e7o e Mem\u00f3ria\u00bb, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Via Panor\u00e2mica s\/n, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2305-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Letra Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"EpiUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n\u00ba 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12511","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12511","article-title":"Presence of gastric Helicobacter species in children suffering from gastric disorders in Southern Turkey","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00041-08","article-title":"Gastric helicobacters in domestic animals and nonhuman primates and their significance for human health","volume":"22","author":"Haesebrouck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3311-3315.2001","article-title":"Identification of novel Helicobacter species in pig stomachs by PCR and partial sequencing","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"584165","article-title":"Helicobacter and the Potential Role in Neurological Disorders: There Is More Than Helicobacter pylori","volume":"11","author":"Bauwens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"72","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori, transmission routes and recurrence of infection: State of the art","volume":"89","author":"Kayali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12493","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12493","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Portugal: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Lopo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06193-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: A Review of Current Diagnostic and Management Strategies","volume":"65","author":"Guevara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baj, J., Forma, A., Flieger, W., Morawska, I., Michalski, A., Buszewicz, G., Sitarz, E., Portincasa, P., Garruti, G., and Flieger, M. (2021). Helicobacter pylori Infection and Extragastric Diseases-A Focus on the Central Nervous System. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092191"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65133-0","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Helicobacter suis sp. nov. from pig stomachs","volume":"58","author":"Baele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00188","article-title":"Helicobacter suis Is Associated With Mortality in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"6","author":"Augustin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12375","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12375","article-title":"Species-specific immunity to Helicobacter suis","volume":"22","author":"Bosschem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12054","article-title":"Case report: Helicobacter suis infection in a pig veterinarian","volume":"18","author":"Joosten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.145","article-title":"Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs","volume":"12","author":"Flahou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Isme J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051269","article-title":"Presence of Helicobacter pylori and H. suis DNA in Free-Range Wild Boars","volume":"11","author":"Teixeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2026337118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026337118","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Helicobacter suis from human stomach","volume":"118","author":"Rimbara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/zoonoticdis1010005","article-title":"Molecular Detection of Human Pathogenic Gastric Helicobacter Species in Wild Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Wild Quails (Coturnix coturnix)","volume":"1","author":"Mateus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12635","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12635","article-title":"Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"24","author":"Leja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12403","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12403","article-title":"Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"22","author":"Burucoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i31.3472","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: A foodborne pathogen?","volume":"24","author":"Quaglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12798","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12798","article-title":"Transmission of Helicobacter pylori between a human and two dogs: A case report","volume":"26","author":"Matsubara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.05.020","article-title":"Survival of Helicobacter suis bacteria in retail pig meat","volume":"166","author":"Flahou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1994","article-title":"Evidence of Zoonotic Transmission of Helicobacter canis Between Sheep and Human Contacts","volume":"16","author":"Sabry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28071","DOI":"10.2196\/28071","article-title":"Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Determinants on the Portuguese Population: Protocol for a Web-Based Cross-sectional Study","volume":"10","author":"Aguiar","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-022-01059-4","article-title":"Gastric Helicobacter species associated with dogs, cats and pigs: Significance for public and animal health","volume":"53","author":"Taillieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Backert, S., and Yamaoka, Y. (2016). Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter Infections in Humans and Animals, in Helicobacter pylori Research: From Bench to Bedside, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55936-8"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matos, R., Taillieu, E., De Bruyckere, S., De Witte, C., R\u00eama, A., Santos-Sousa, H., Nogueiro, J., Reis, C.A., Carneiro, F., and Haesebrouck, F. (2022). Presence of Helicobacter Species in Gastric Mucosa of Human Patients and Outcome of Helicobacter Eradication Treatment. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020181"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12700","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12700","article-title":"PCR analysis and specific immunohistochemistry revealing a high prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters in Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric disease patients in Japan: High susceptibility to an Hp eradication regimen","volume":"25","author":"Nakamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (2022, July 13). Available online: https:\/\/fve.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/FVE_Survey_2018_WEB.pdf."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2016.11.003","article-title":"Zoonotic potential of Helicobacter spp.","volume":"50","author":"Grekova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2019.02.006","article-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"54","author":"McArthur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.06.016","article-title":"Presence of Helicobacter suis on pork carcasses","volume":"187","author":"Houf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.12.001","article-title":"Food safety knowledge and hygiene practices among veterinary medicine students at Trakia University, Bulgaria","volume":"10","author":"Stratev","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoder, G., Muhammad, J.S., Mahmoud, I., Soliman, S.S.M., and Burucoa, C. (2019). Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Its Associated Factors among Healthy Asymptomatic Residents in the United Arab Emirates. Pathogens, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020044"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30250-X","article-title":"Collaboration between human and veterinary medicine as a tool to solve public health problems","volume":"3","author":"Barbato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Filho, W.L., Vidal, D.G., Dinis, M.A.P., and Dias, R.C. (2022). We Know One Health, but We Also Need One Communication, in Sustainable Policies and Practices in Energy, Environment and Health Research: Addressing Cross-Cutting Issues, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speare, R., Mendez, D., Judd, J., Reid, S., Tzipori, S., and Massey, P.D. (2015). Willingness to Consult a Veterinarian on Physician\u2019s Advice for Zoonotic Diseases: A Formal Role for Veterinarians in Medicine?. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131406"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9050","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110909050","article-title":"Multiple zoonotic parasites identified in dog feces collected in Ponte de Lima, Portugal-a potential threat to human health","volume":"11","author":"Mateus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-016-1129-5","article-title":"Limited Knowledge About Hydatidosis Among Farmers in Northwest Portugal: A Pressing Need for a One Health Approach","volume":"13","author":"Mateus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"do Vale, B., Lopes, A.P., Fontes, M.D.C., Silvestre, M., Cardoso, L., and Coelho, A.C. (2021). A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge on Ownership, Zoonoses and Practices among Pet Owners in Northern Portugal. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202111.0077.v1"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powell, L., Lavender, T.M., Reinhard, C.L., and Watson, B. (2022). Pet Owners\u2019 Perceptions of COVID-19, Zoonotic Disease, and Veterinary Medicine: The Impact of Demographic Characteristics. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9050195"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendez, D.H., B\u00fcttner, P., Kelly, J., Nowak, M., and Speare, R. (2017). Difficulties experienced by veterinarians when communicating about emerging zoonotic risks with animal owners: The case of Hendra virus. BMC Vet. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-0970-2"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1000221","article-title":"A Review on Confronting Zoonoses: The Role of Veterinarian and Physician","volume":"221","author":"Shanko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Overgaauw, P.A.M., Vinke, C.M., Van Hagen, M.A., and Lipman, L.J. (2020). A One Health Perspective on the Human-Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113789"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/15087\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:21Z","timestamp":1760145561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/15087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192215087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192215087","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]}}}