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In addition, the presence and abundance of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater is a matter of great concern to the scientific community. Methodology: This study assesses the ecological status of four sampling sites of Selho (S1\u2013S4) and Costa-Couros (C1\u2013C4) rivers (Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal), and the abundance of MPs in sediments and benthic macroinvertebrates (Oligochaeta) from those sites. Results: All sites of both rivers under higher pressure did not reach a \u201cgood\u201d ecological status (S2\u2013S3, C2\u2013C4) based on the macroinvertebrate community. High levels of nutrients were observed at all sites in both rivers (except C2), especially phosphorus. In the Oligochaeta\u2019s gut of Costa-Couros river, the high number of MPs seems to be associated with their weight (95.25 \u00b1 25.61 to 1069.00 \u00b1 385.30 MPs g\/fresh weight), suggesting the existence of malnutrition and digestive disorders, whereas the highest number of MPs in gut (134.00 \u00b1 30.36 to 558.6 \u00b1 100.70 MPs g\/fresh weight) were found for the heaviest organisms of Selho. Conclusions: Thus, sites with higher ecological status do not necessarily have lower abundance of MPs. In the sediments, urbanization seems to be the main driver for MP contamination. MP contamination is pervasive across the sediments and Oligochaeta\u2019s gut in both rivers. Since MPs have the potential to cause harm to environmental and human health, it is essential to monitor not only the ecological status of freshwaters, but also emerging pollutants such as MPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T02:21:57Z","timestamp":1669774917000},"page":"15956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Microplastic Contamination and Ecological Status of Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study in Two Northern Portuguese Rivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2773-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Landscape Laboratory, Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Gravato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon & Centro de Estudos de Ambiente e Mar (CESAM), University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2944-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alexandre","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landscape Laboratory, Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Natividade","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1079-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landscape Laboratory, Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-8245-y","article-title":"Considerations on the monitoring of water quality in urban streams: A case study in Portugal","volume":"192","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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