{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:48:45Z","timestamp":1774982925371,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":306,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","award":["CA 19136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA 19136"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Frailty is a complex interplay between several factors, including physiological changes in ageing, multimorbidities, malnutrition, living environment, genetics, and lifestyle. Early screening for frailty risk factors in community-dwelling older people allows for preventive interventions on the clinical and social determinants of frailty, which allows adverse events to be avoided. By conducting a narrative review of the literature employing the International Narrative Systematic Assessment tool, the authors aimed to develop an updated framework for the main measurement tools to assess frailty risks in older adults, paying attention to use in the community and primary care settings. This search focused on the biopsychosocial domains of frailty that are covered in the SUNFRAIL tool. The study selected 178 reviews (polypharmacy: 20; nutrition: 13; physical activity: 74; medical visits: 0; falls: 39; cognitive decline: 12; loneliness: 15; social support: 5; economic constraints: 0) published between January 2010 and December 2021. Within the selected reviews, 123 assessment tools were identified (polypharmacy: 15; nutrition: 15; physical activity: 25; medical visits: 0; falls: 26; cognitive decline: 18; loneliness: 9; social support: 15; economic constraints: 0). The narrative review allowed us to evaluate assessment tools of frailty domains to be adopted for multidimensional health promotion and prevention interventions in community and primary care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T01:54:31Z","timestamp":1669859671000},"page":"16050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment Tools of Biopsychosocial Frailty Dimensions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6115-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Luca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Grazia Daniela","family":"Femminella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Patalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Formosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0659-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Rivetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Di Lullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Mercurio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1493-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilufer","family":"Korkmaz Yaylagul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3050-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Apostolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Avenida Bissaya Barreto, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3947-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Carla","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Avenida Bissaya Barreto, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9887-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SHINE 2Europe, 3030-163 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3868-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willeke H.","family":"van Staalduinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFEdemy\u2014Academy on Age-Friendly Environments in Europe, 2806 ED Gouda, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Liotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8997-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Iaccarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Triassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9834-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Illario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, October 18). Ageing Europe\u2014Looking at the Lives of Older People in the EU. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/documents\/3217494\/10166544\/KS-02-19%E2%80%91681-EN-N.pdf\/c701972f-6b4e-b432-57d2-91898ca94893."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15324","article-title":"SARS-RAS Investigators. Age and Multimorbidity Predict Death Among COVID-19 Patients: Results of the SARS-RAS Study of the Italian Society of Hypertension","volume":"76","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marois, G., Muttarak, R., and Scherbov, S. (2020). Assessing the potential impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238678"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Collard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2009.09.005","article-title":"Toward a conceptual definition of frail community dwelling older people","volume":"58","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nurs. Outlook"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liotta, G., Ussai, S., Illario, M., O\u2019Caoimh, R., Cano, A., Holland, C., Roller-Winsberger, R., Capanna, A., Grecuccio, C., and Ferraro, M. (2018). Frailty as the Future Core Business of Public Health: Report of the Activities of the A3 Action Group of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122843"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255","article-title":"Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: Implications for improved targeting and care","volume":"59","author":"Fried","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.11.008","article-title":"Determinants of frailty","volume":"11","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"101","article-title":"A Novel Tool for the Early Identification of Frailty in Elderly People: The Application in Primary Care Settings","volume":"9","author":"Maggio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"219","article-title":"The Validity of the SUNFRAIL Tool: A Cross-Sectional Study among Dutch Community-Dwelling Older People","volume":"9","author":"Gobbens","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000194","article-title":"Feasibility, appropriateness and meaningfulness analysis of the Sunfrail Tool to the European Portuguese population during cross-cultural adaptation process","volume":"17","author":"Cardoso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Evid. Based Healthc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso, A.F., Bobrowicz-Campos, E., Teixeira-Santos, L., Cardoso, D., Couto, F., and Ap\u00f3stolo, J. (2021). Validation and Screening Capacity of the European Portuguese Version of the SUNFRAIL Tool for Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041394"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl041","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale","volume":"35","author":"Rolfson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.11.003","article-title":"The Tilburg Frailty Indicator: Psychometric properties","volume":"11","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0462-z","article-title":"Description of 1,108 older patients referred by their physician to the \"Geriatric Frailty Clinic (G.F.C) for Assessment of Frailty and Prevention of Disability\" at the gerontopole","volume":"18","author":"Tavassoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S323723","article-title":"Interactions Between EIP on AHA Reference Sites and Action Groups to Foster Digital Innovation of Health and Care in European Regions","volume":"17","author":"Illario","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"31","article-title":"Rating for narrative reviews: Concept and development of the International Narrative Systematic Assessment tool","volume":"2","author":"Backhaus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Senses Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"213","article-title":"STOPP\/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: Version 2","volume":"44","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria\u00ae Update Expert Panel (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria\u00ae for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 67, 674\u2013694.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90192-9","article-title":"A summated score for the medication appropriateness index: Development and assessment of clinimetric properties including content validity","volume":"47","author":"Samsa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.07.023","article-title":"The US-FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) List: Consensus Validation of a Clinical Tool to Improve Drug Therapy in Older Adults","volume":"21","author":"Pazan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"600","article-title":"STOPPFrail (Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions in Frail adults with limited life expectancy): Consensus validation","volume":"46","author":"Lavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/02813430902992215","article-title":"The Norwegian General Practice (NORGEP) criteria for assessing potentially inappropriate prescriptions to elderly patients. A modified Delphi study","volume":"27","author":"Rognstad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Prim. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1860-9","article-title":"The EU(7)-PIM list: A list of potentially inappropriate medications for older people consented by experts from seven European countries","volume":"71","author":"Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"543","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: The PRISCUS list","volume":"107","author":"Holt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12787","article-title":"The Systematic Tool to Reduce Inappropriate Prescribing (STRIP): Combining implicit and explicit prescribing tools to improve appropriate prescribing","volume":"24","author":"Maanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eval. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042098619895914","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098619895914","article-title":"Teaching physicians the GPGP method promotes deprescribing in both inpatient and outpatient settings","volume":"10","author":"Bilek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2017.04.005","article-title":"Implementing a pharmacist-led, individualized medication assessment and planning (iMAP) intervention to reduce medication related problems among older adults with cancer","volume":"8","author":"Nightingale","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.22.2823","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medication use in the community-dwelling elderly: Findings from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey","volume":"286","author":"Zhan","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb02574.x","article-title":"Medication management capacity in highly functioning community-living older adults: Detection of early deficits","volume":"47","author":"Edelberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2006.06.009","article-title":"Assessment of medication management by community-living elderly persons with two standardized assessment tools: A cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Hutchison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1891\/106137407783095757","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the Self-efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS) in low-literacy patients with chronic disease","volume":"15","author":"Risser","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Meas."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez, M.A., Garc\u00eda-Arellano, A., Toledo, E., Salas-Salvad\u00f3, J., Buil-Cosiales, P., Corella, D., Covas, M.I., Schr\u00f6der, H., Ar\u00f3s, F., and G\u00f3mez-Gracia, E. (2012). A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: The PREDIMED trial. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043134"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38415.644155.8F","article-title":"Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study","volume":"330","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32834d7647","article-title":"Mini nutritional assessment","volume":"15","author":"Cereda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0214-7","article-title":"Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA\u00ae-SF): A practical tool for identificationof nutritional status","volume":"13","author":"Kaiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2002.02048.x","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the nutritional form for the elderly (NUFFE)","volume":"37","author":"Soderhamn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Elia, M. (2003). The \u2018MUST\u2019 Report, Nutritional Screening of Adults: A multidisciplinary Responsibility. Development and Use of the \u2018Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool\u2019 (\u2018MUST\u2019) for Adults, British Alliance for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (BAPEN). Available online: https:\/\/eprints.soton.ac.uk\/362499."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.270","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the new Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool in the \u2019real-world\u2019 hospital setting","volume":"69","author":"Laporte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afh078","article-title":"Chapman Nutritional screening of older people in a sub-acute care facility in Australia and its relation to discharge outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Visvanathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1074","article-title":"Appetite assessment: Simple appetite questionnaire predicts weight loss in community-dwelling adults and nursing home residents","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600658","article-title":"Evaluating the DETERMINE your nutritional health checklist and the mini nutritional assessment as tools to identify nutritional problems in elderly Europeans","volume":"52","author":"DeGroot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602225","article-title":"Validity and reliability of SCREEN II (Seniors in the community: Risk evaluation for eating and nutrition, Version II)","volume":"59","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.07.015","article-title":"Development and validation of a hospital screening tool for malnutrition: The short nutritional assessment questionnaire (SNAQ)","volume":"24","author":"Kruizenga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.10.013","article-title":"Development and validation of criteria for determining undernutrition in community-dwelling older men and women: The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire 65+","volume":"31","author":"Wijnhoven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02884.x","article-title":"Why do physicians fail to recognize and treat malnutrition in older persons?","volume":"39","author":"Morley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(99)00084-2","article-title":"Development of a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool for adult acute hospital patients","volume":"15","author":"Ferguson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.09.038","article-title":"The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): A Quick and Useful Tool for Fall Risk Stratification Among Older Primary Care Patients","volume":"22","author":"Welch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.11.007","article-title":"Cut Points of Chair Stand Test for Poor Physical Function and Its Association With Adverse Health Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000314963","article-title":"Properties of the \u2019timed up and go\u2019 test: More than meets the eye","volume":"57","author":"Herman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111699","article-title":"The Four Square Step Test is a useful mobility tool for discriminating older persons with frailty syndrome","volume":"161","author":"Lima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1877","article-title":"Reliability and validity of Alternate Step Test times in subjects with chronic stroke","volume":"46","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.039","article-title":"Combining fast-walking training and a step-activity monitoring program to improve daily walking activity after stroke: A preliminary study","volume":"97","author":"Danks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01823246-201324030-00006","article-title":"Utilization of a 5-Meter Walk Test in Evaluating Self-selected Gait Speed during Preoperative Screening of Patients Scheduled for Cardiac Surgery","volume":"24","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiopulm. Phys. Ther. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.07.023","article-title":"Reference values for the incremental shuttle walking test","volume":"106","author":"Probst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90053-4","article-title":"The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Washburn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200107000-00010","article-title":"CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire for older adults: Outcomes for interventions","volume":"33","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115821","article-title":"The prevalence of selected physical activities and their relation with coronary heart disease risk factors in elderly men: The Zutphen Study, 1985","volume":"133","author":"Caspersen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (2013). Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology-Physical Activity Training for Health (CSEP-PATH), Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espa\u00f1a-Romero, V., Golubic, R., Martin, K.R., Hardy, R., Ekelund, U., Kuh, D., Wareham, N.J., Cooper, R., Brage, S., and NSHD Scientific and Data Collection Teams (2014). Comparison of the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire with combined heart rate and movement sensing in a nationally representative sample of older British adults. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087085"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, S., Harris, T., Limb, E., Kerry, S., Victor, C.R., Ekelund, U., Iliffe, S., Whincup, P.H., Beighton, C., and Ussher, M. (2015). Evaluation of reliability and validity of the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) in 60\u201374 year old primary care patients. BMC Fam. Pract., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0324-8"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.07.008","article-title":"Comparison of the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire with a 7-day diary and pedometer","volume":"57","author":"Stel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.7.1.87","article-title":"Validation of the Stanford Brief Activity Survey: Examining psychological factors and physical activity levels in older adults","volume":"7","author":"Fair","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818ace55","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative physical activity questionnaire","volume":"41","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.054","article-title":"Self-Care Self-Efficacy Correlates with Independence in Basic Activities of Daily Living in Individuals with Chronic Stroke","volume":"24","author":"Frost","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1632942","article-title":"Duke Activity Status Index cut-off scores for assessing functional capacity after stroke","volume":"43","author":"Polese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/135581969800300206","article-title":"The SF-36 physical and mental health summary measures: An example of how to interpret scores","volume":"3","author":"Jenkinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Health Serv. Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00089-X","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index in Italian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"11","author":"Salaffi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e318283ffcc","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment in people with stroke","volume":"37","author":"Canbek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2004.08.004","article-title":"Mini motor test: A clinical test for rehabilitation of patients showing psychomotor disadaptation syndrome (PDS)","volume":"40","author":"Mourey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/026921559701100412","article-title":"Further validation of the Elderly Mobility Scale for measurement of mobility of hospitalized elderly people","volume":"11","author":"Prosser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12672","article-title":"Frequent emergency department visitors are frequent primary care visitors and report unmet primary care needs","volume":"23","author":"Cunningham","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eval. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P239","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.6.P239","article-title":"Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling","volume":"45","author":"Tinetti","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90063-5","article-title":"Fear of falling revisited","volume":"77","author":"Hill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600747637","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of the falls efficacy scale international (FES-I) in older people: Results from Germany, the Netherlands and the UK were satisfactory","volume":"29","author":"Kempen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, T.-W., and Ng, S.S.M. (2019). The reliability and validity of the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly for assessing fear and activity avoidance among stroke survivors. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214796"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"34","article-title":"Development of a scale to assess concern about falling and applications to treatment programs","volume":"1","author":"Lusardi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Outcome Meas."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200109000-00006","article-title":"Developing meaningful fear of falling measures for community dwelling elderly","volume":"80","author":"Velozo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20060801-07","article-title":"The Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire: Development and validation for use with older adults","volume":"32","author":"Wiens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2012.00837.x","article-title":"Fall Risk Index predicts functional decline regardless of fall experiences among community-dwelling elderly","volume":"12","author":"Ishimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP1506510P","article-title":"The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX score) in subclinical hyperthyroidism","volume":"72","author":"Polovina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vojn. Pregl."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945916670894","article-title":"The Diagnostic Accuracy of the Berg Balance Scale in Predicting Falls","volume":"39","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"West. J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2009-51","article-title":"Rasch Analysis of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale","volume":"63","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiother. Can."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M28","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.1.M28","article-title":"The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale","volume":"50","author":"Powell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2009.00375.x","article-title":"A 4-item falls-risk screening tool for sub-acute and residential care: The first step in falls prevention","volume":"28","author":"Stapleton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australas. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj066","article-title":"Evaluation of the Morse Fall Scale in hospitalised patients","volume":"35","author":"Schwendimann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05503.x","article-title":"Adding value to the STRATIFY falls risk assessment in acute hospitals","volume":"67","author":"Barker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"348","article-title":"The challenge of predicting patients at risk for falling: Development of the Conley Scale","volume":"8","author":"Conley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medsurg Nurs."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/NCQ.0000000000000301","article-title":"The Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool: A Study of Reliability and Validity","volume":"33","author":"Poe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Care Qual."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2020.151243","article-title":"Validation of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model: The imperative to reduce modifiable risk factors","volume":"53","author":"Hendrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Said, C.M., Churilov, L., and Shaw, K. (2017). Validation and inter-rater reliability of a three item falls risk screening tool. BMC Geriatr., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0669-z"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7693","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007693","article-title":"Validation and reliability of Falls Risk for Hospitalized Older People (FRHOP): Taiwan version","volume":"96","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn196","article-title":"Development of the Falls Risk for Older People in the Community (FROP-Com) screening tool","volume":"38","author":"Russell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2018.05.005","article-title":"Downton Fall Risk Index during hospitalisation is associated with fall-related injuries after discharge: A longitudinal observational study","volume":"64","author":"Mojtaba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289809166077","article-title":"Veronica Fried, Aya Biderman & David Galinsky (1998) Validation of a fall-risk screening test, the Elderly Fall Screening Test (EFST), for community-dwelling elderly","volume":"20","author":"Julie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1446.2001.00169.x","article-title":"Home-screen: A short scale to measure fall risk in the home","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.3.195","article-title":"Environmental hazards in the homes of older people","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90122-8","article-title":"The Mini-Mental State Examination score and the clinical diagnosis of dementia","volume":"47","author":"Kukull","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination","volume":"48","author":"Teng","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610294001602","article-title":"The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): A practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia","volume":"6","author":"Teng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x","article-title":"A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficits in the elderly","volume":"23","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/20.5.332","article-title":"The abbreviated mental test: Its use and validity","volume":"20","author":"Jitapunkul","year":"1991","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199911)14:11<936::AID-GPS39>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Validation of a 6 item cognitive impairment test with a view to primary care usage","volume":"14","author":"Brooke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00515.x","article-title":"A survey version of the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE)","volume":"20","author":"Pattie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004870","article-title":"Clinical dementia rating: A reliable and valid diagnostic and staging measure for dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"9","author":"Morris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1159\/000334525","article-title":"The diagnostic value of controlled oral word association test-FAS and category fluency in single-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"32","author":"Small","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.123.4.467","article-title":"The Set test as an aid to the detection of dementia in old people","volume":"123","author":"Isaacs","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"183","article-title":"The Trail Making Test","volume":"24","year":"2016","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.704073","article-title":"Using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to differentiate alzheimer\u2019s dementia and behavioural variant fronto-temporal dementia","volume":"26","author":"Ricci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh288","article-title":"Validity of the Clock-Drawing Test as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in the elderly","volume":"160","author":"Nishiwaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"149","article-title":"Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) is a very useful tool for diagnosis of probable mild Alzheimer\u00b4s disease in a geriatric clinic","volume":"74","author":"Miranda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200011)15:11<1021::AID-GPS234>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"The mini-cog: A cognitive \u2018vital signs\u2019 measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly","volume":"15","author":"Borson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.02.007","article-title":"Telephone interview for cognitive status: Creating a crosswalk with the Mini-Mental State Examination","volume":"5","author":"Fong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200006)15:6<521::AID-GPS182>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Community screening interview for dementia (CSI \u2019D\u2019); performance in five disparate study sites","volume":"15","author":"Hall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2","article-title":"UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure","volume":"66","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168500900307","article-title":"The development of a Rasch-type loneliness scale","volume":"9","author":"Kamphuis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574","article-title":"A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies","volume":"26","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.08.023","article-title":"Social Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults as a Risk Factor for Disability","volume":"16","author":"Makizako","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.015","article-title":"Social Frailty and Functional Disability: Findings From the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies","volume":"18","author":"Teo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219686110","article-title":"Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women","volume":"110","author":"Steptoe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(93)71928-3","article-title":"Abbreviating the Duke Social Support Index for use in chronically ill elderly individuals","volume":"34","author":"Koenig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/36.4.428","article-title":"The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire","volume":"36","author":"Fillenbaum","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918174","article-title":"Preliminary development of a scale of social support: Studies on college students","volume":"9","author":"Barrera","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.7202\/032403ar","article-title":"L\u2019\u00c9chelle de provisions sociales: La validation qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise du Social Provisions Scale","volume":"21","author":"Caron","year":"1996","journal-title":"St. Ment. Au Qu\u00e9bec"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/52B.3.S135","article-title":"Windows to their world: The effect of sensory impairments on social engagement and activity time in nursing home residents","volume":"52","author":"Resnick","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90150-B","article-title":"The MOS social support survey","volume":"32","author":"Sherbourne","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5503&4_17","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support","volume":"55","author":"Zimet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00003727-198811000-00008","article-title":"Assessing social networks among elderly populations","volume":"11","author":"Lubben","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fam. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932005001203","article-title":"Social networks and inflammatory markers in the Framingham heart study","volume":"38","author":"Loucks","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biosoc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"59","article-title":"Evaluation of the Personal Resource Questionnaire: A social support measure","volume":"20","author":"Weinert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170999208X","article-title":"Impairment, disability, social support and depression among older parents in rural Thailand","volume":"40","author":"Suttajit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2011.594124","article-title":"The development of the 2-Way Social Support Scale: A measure of giving and receiving emotional and instrumental support","volume":"93","author":"Obst","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/30.1.85","article-title":"The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A revision","volume":"30","author":"Lawton","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lem, K., McGilton, K.S., Aelick, K., Iaboni, A., Babineau, J., Hewitt Colborne, D., Edwards, C., Bretzlaff, M., Lender, D., and Gibson, J.L. (2021). Social connection and physical health outcomes among long-term care home residents: A scoping review. BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02638-4"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2017.0076","article-title":"Self-perceived Income Sufficiency and Self-reported Income Level among a Health Inequity Population","volume":"28","author":"Tarasenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.6.586","article-title":"Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy white women","volume":"19","author":"Adler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5201","article-title":"Is the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (QMCI) more accurate at detecting mild cognitive impairment than existing short cognitive screening tests? A systematic review of the current literature","volume":"34","author":"Glynn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dellafiore, F., Caruso, R., Cossu, M., Russo, S., Baroni, I., Barello, S., Vangone, I., Acampora, M., Conte, G., and Magon, A. (2022). The State of the Evidence about the Family and Community Nurse: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074382"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/17151635211018725","article-title":"Review of the top 5 geriatrics studies of 2018\u20132019","volume":"154","author":"Sadowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i22","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpp\/riab015.026","article-title":"A systematic review of interventions to improve medicines optimisation in frail older patients in secondary and acute care settings","volume":"29","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2020.0411.r1.18112020","article-title":"Physician and patient-related factors associated with inappropriate prescribing to older patients within primary care: A cross-sectional study in brazil","volume":"139","author":"Amorim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med. J."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14513","article-title":"Potential prescribing issues among older HIV-infected subjects in a Mediterranean cohort: Does the current prevalence give cause for concern?","volume":"87","author":"Loste","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-02951-8","article-title":"Current evidence on the impact of medication optimization or pharmacological interventions on frailty or aspects of frailty: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"77","author":"Pazan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2019-002111","article-title":"Prevalence of drug interactions in hospitalised elderly patients: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Diel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"144","article-title":"Rational deprescribing in the elderly","volume":"31","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12842","article-title":"Evidence supporting the best clinical management of patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: A systematic guideline review and expert consensus","volume":"285","author":"Muth","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5706","article-title":"Management of Depression in Older Adults: A Review","volume":"317","author":"Kok","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huiskes, V.J., Burger, D.M., van den Ende, C.H., and van den Bemt, B.J. (2017). Effectiveness of medication review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Fam. Pract., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-016-0577-x"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulley, J., Harrop, D., Ali, A., Alton, S., and Fowler Davis, S. (2019). Deprescribing interventions and their impact on medication adherence in community-dwelling older adults with polypharmacy: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1031-4"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1288211","article-title":"Prevalence of inappropriate medication use in residential long-term care facilities for the elderly: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Storms","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0406","article-title":"Associations of Polypharmacy and Inappropriate Medications with Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"CD012419","article-title":"Interventions for improving medication-taking ability and adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications","volume":"2020","author":"Cross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-018-0124-5","article-title":"Association of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy with frailty states: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Palmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.11.025","article-title":"The Association of Potentially Inappropriate Medication at Older Age With Cardiovascular Events and Overall Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"18","author":"Muhlack","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmaa146","article-title":"A systematic review of general practice-based pharmacists\u2019 services to optimize medicines management in older people with multimorbidity and polypharmacy","volume":"38","author":"Barry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.10.026","article-title":"Health Outcomes of Deprescribing Interventions Among Older Residents in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kua","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, K., Cox, N.J., Stevenson, J.M., Lim, S., Fraser, S.D.S., and Roberts, H.C. (2021). A systematic review of the evidence for deprescribing interventions among older people living with frailty. BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02208-8"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C.T., Ang, J.Y., Islam, M.A., Chan, H.K., Cheah, W.K., and Gan, S.H. (2021). Prevalence of Drug-Related Problems and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 37,249 Older Adults. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030187"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez, M., Boqu\u00e9, N., Del Bas, J.M., Mayneris-Perxachs, J., Arola, L., and Caimari, A. (2017). Mediterranean Diet and Multi-Ingredient-Based Interventions for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101052"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0652","article-title":"Malnutrition or frailty? Overlap and evidence gaps in the diagnosis and treatment of frailty and malnutrition","volume":"42","author":"Laur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-019-00739-1","article-title":"Screening Community-Living Older Adults for Protein Energy Malnutrition and Frailty: Update and Next Steps","volume":"45","author":"Dwyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.01.014","article-title":"Protein-energy malnutrition in the rehabilitation setting: Evidence to improve identification","volume":"86","author":"Marshall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101148","article-title":"Nutritional domains in frailty tools: Working towards an operational definition of nutritional frailty","volume":"64","author":"Zupo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barchitta, M., Maugeri, A., Magnano San Lio, R., Quattrocchi, A., Degrassi, F., Catalano, F., Basile, G., and Agodi, A. (2020). The Effects of Diet and Dietary Interventions on the Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and a Systematic Review of Experimental Studies. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020322"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103938","article-title":"The effect of protein supplements on functional frailty in older persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Oktaviana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.06.004","article-title":"Frailty and cognitive impairment--a review of the evidence and causal mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Robertson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa014","article-title":"New horizons in appetite and the anorexia of ageing","volume":"49","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1159-0","article-title":"Anorexia of Aging\u2014An Updated Short Review","volume":"23","author":"Jadczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.027","article-title":"Relevance of nutritional assessment and treatment to counteract cardiac cachexia and sarcopenia in chronic heart failure","volume":"40","author":"Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109710384504","article-title":"Nutritional screening tools for HIV-infected patients: Implications for elderly patients","volume":"9","author":"Ruiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. Assoc. Physicians AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14088","article-title":"Nutritional status related to poor health outcomes in older people: Which is better, obese or lean?","volume":"21","author":"Kuzuya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753944719870084","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944719870084","article-title":"6-minute walking test: A useful tool in the management of heart failure patients","volume":"13","author":"Giannitsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vadal\u00e0, G., Russo, F., De Salvatore, S., Cortina, G., Albo, E., Papalia, R., and Denaro, V. (2020). Physical Activity for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041023"},{"key":"ref_177","first-page":"9849475","article-title":"Frailty and Exercise Training: How to Provide Best Care after Cardiac Surgery or Intervention for Elder Patients with Valvular Heart Disease","volume":"2018","author":"Drulyte","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"CD012543","article-title":"Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors","volume":"7","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_179","first-page":"CD012864","article-title":"Physical activity interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer","volume":"5","author":"McGettigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000481454","article-title":"Effects of Wearable Sensor-Based Balance and Gait Training on Balance, Gait, and Functional Performance in Healthy and Patient Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"64","author":"Gordt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_181","first-page":"CD009233","article-title":"Environmental and behavioural interventions for reducing physical activity limitation and preventing falls in older people with visual impairment","volume":"9","author":"E","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000354211","article-title":"Frailty and technology: A systematic review of gait analysis in those with frailty","volume":"60","author":"Schwenk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318780031","article-title":"Physical activity types and atrial fibrillation risk in the middle- aged and elderly: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"25","author":"Albrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01268-x","article-title":"Current Evidence of Measurement Properties of Physical Activity Questionnaires for Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review","volume":"50","author":"Sattler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Gait speed as a measure of functional status in COPD patients","volume":"9","author":"Karpman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.25570.2","article-title":"Effects of stretching exercises on human gait: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Vialleron","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341603","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/341603","article-title":"Essential amino acids and exercise tolerance in elderly muscle-depleted subjects with chronic diseases: A rehabilitation without rehabilitation?","volume":"2014","author":"Aquilani","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berner, K., Morris, L., Baumeister, J., and Louw, Q. (2017). Objective impairments of gait and balance in adults living with HIV-1 infection: A systematic review and meta- analysis of observational studies. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1682-2"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25655","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025655","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi exercise on improving walking function and posture control in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2015.745","article-title":"Critical review of the equations predicting 6-minute walking distance in obese subjects","volume":"81","author":"Donini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-210026","article-title":"Distance-limited walk tests post-stroke: A systematic review of measurement properties","volume":"48","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2021.09.019","article-title":"Preoperative physical performance as predictor of postoperative outcomes in patients aged 65 and older scheduled for major abdominal cancer surgery: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Argillander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1412","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001412","article-title":"Step Counter Use and Sedentary Time in Adults: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"94","author":"Qiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"743","article-title":"6-min walk-distance norms in adults Arab populations: A literature review","volume":"95","author":"Daami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tunis. Med."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keating, C.J., Cabrera-Linares, J.C., P\u00e1rraga-Montilla, J.A., Latorre-Rom\u00e1n, P.A., Del Castillo, R.M., and Garc\u00eda-Pinillos, F. (2021). Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041759"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-021-00256-5","article-title":"Associations Between Anticholinergic Medication Exposure and Adverse Health Outcomes in Older People with Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs-Real World Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00909-0","article-title":"How wearable sensors have been utilised to evaluate frailty in older adults: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Vavasour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.03.028","article-title":"Effects of Preoperative Breathing Exercise on Postoperative Outcomes for Patients With Lung Cancer Undergoing Curative Intent Lung Resection: A Meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Pu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baritello, O., Salzwedel, A., S\u00fcndermann, S.H., Niebauer, J., and V\u00f6ller, H. (2021). The Pandora\u2019s Box of Frailty Assessments: Which Is the Best for Clinical Purposes in TAVI Patients? A Critical Review. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194506"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101399","article-title":"Early diagnosis of frailty: Technological and non-intrusive devices for clinical detection","volume":"70","author":"Mandaluniz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-021-01760-5","article-title":"Gait and Balance Assessments using Smartphone Applications in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"45","author":"Abou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683385","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.683385","article-title":"Differences Between Exergaming Rehabilitation and Conventional Physiotherapy on Quality of Life in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Elena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101368","article-title":"Unsupervised home-based resistance training for community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004211033031","article-title":"Effects of Home-Based Exercise on Frailty in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: Systematic Review","volume":"24","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2021.04.015","article-title":"Blood flow restriction training in patients with knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Pitsillides","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110411","article-title":"Compensation due to age-related decline in sit-to-stand and sit-to-walk","volume":"122","author":"Silverman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1688","article-title":"Assessment of the Frail Patient With End-Stage Liver Disease: A Practical Overview of Sarcopenia, Physical Function, and Disability","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12667","article-title":"How gait influences frailty models and health-related outcomes in clinical-based and population-based studies: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Bortone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachex-Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoue, T., Maeda, K., Nagano, A., Shimizu, A., Ueshima, J., Murotani, K., Sato, K., Hotta, K., Morishita, S., and Tsubaki, A. (2021). Related Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020291"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.12.034","article-title":"Interventions for preventing falls in people post-stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"84","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa011","article-title":"Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"79","author":"Gielen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S322506","article-title":"Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Commonly Used Performance Tests Relative to Fall History in Older Persons: A Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Gafner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"100095","article-title":"Frailty in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"McMillan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-020-01666-8","article-title":"Sensors are Capable to Help in the Measurement of the Results of the Timed-Up and Go Test? A Systematic Review","volume":"44","author":"Ponciano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2020.05.012","article-title":"Effect of Exercise on Physical Function and Psychological Well-being in Older Patients With Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Lund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Color. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01344-x","article-title":"Effect of exergames on physical outcomes in frail elderly: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00275","article-title":"The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Balance Control in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byra, J., and Czernicki, K. (2020). The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation in Patients with Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082639"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zampogna, B., Papalia, R., Papalia, G.F., Campi, S., Vasta, S., Vorini, F., Fossati, C., Torre, G., and Denaro, V. (2020). The Role of Physical Activity as Conservative Treatment for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041167"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12502","article-title":"Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachex-Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05100-9","article-title":"Frailty, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, and Mortality: A Systematic Review","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-019-02234-x","article-title":"Aerobic exercise in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD): A meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Pei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.08.006","article-title":"Fall detection and fall risk assessment in older person using wearable sensors: A systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Bet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granic, A., Sayer, A.A., and Robinson, S.M. (2019). Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040745"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.12.006","article-title":"Cognitive frailty: A conceptual systematic review and an operational proposal for future research","volume":"121","author":"Facal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.10.007","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and physical functioning in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Mol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.09.004","article-title":"Oral nutritional support with or without exercise in the management of malnutrition in nutritionally vulnerable older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37 Pt A","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, C.-D., Lee, P.-H., Hsiao, D.-J., Huang, S.-W., Tsauo, J.-Y., Chen, H.-C., and Liou, T.-H. (2018). Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Exercise Intervention on Frailty Indices, Body Composition, and Physical Function in Frail Older Adults. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121916"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0964-7","article-title":"The Effects of Balance Training on Balance Performance and Functional Outcome Measures Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Doma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0863-z","article-title":"Benefits of resistance training in physically frail elderly: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.08.004","article-title":"Supplemental protein from dairy products increases body weight and vitamin D improves physical performance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Dewansingh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_232","first-page":"389","article-title":"Effect of nutritional supplement combined with exercise intervention on sarcopenia in the elderly: A meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Sci."},{"key":"ref_233","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Predicting risk and outcomes for frail older adults: An umbrella review of frailty screening tools","volume":"15","author":"Cooke","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBI \u00c9vid. Synth."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-016-2162-6","article-title":"Quantification of anticholinergic and sedative drug load with the Drug Burden Index: A review of outcomes and methodological quality of studies","volume":"73","author":"Wouters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2016.11.013","article-title":"Functional and cognitive impairment, social environment, frailty and adverse health outcomes in older patients with head and neck cancer, a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Schimberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000445831","article-title":"The Impact of Mild Cognitive Impairment on Gait and Balance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Using Instrumented Assessment","volume":"63","author":"Bahureksa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000981","article-title":"Frailty in trauma: A systematic review of the surgical literature for clinical assessment tools","volume":"80","author":"McDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.03.002","article-title":"The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription","volume":"75","author":"Bullo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-015-0553-8","article-title":"Frailty in cardiothoracic surgery: Systematic review of the literature","volume":"63","author":"Furukawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.02.007","article-title":"A comparison of dance interventions in people with Parkinson disease and older adults","volume":"81","author":"McNeely","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.04.005","article-title":"Individualized home-based exercise programs for older people to reduce falls and improve physical performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2015.08.006","article-title":"Measurement of gait speed in older adults to identify complications associated with frailty: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Pamoukdjian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.01.022","article-title":"Preventing weight gain through exercise and physical activity in the elderly: A systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Stehr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.08.042","article-title":"Effect of exercise on physical function, daily living activities, and quality of life in the frail older adults: A meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Chou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcgg.2012.04.001","article-title":"Interventions targeting geriatric frailty: A systemic review","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.04.008","article-title":"Physical performance characteristics related to disability in older persons: A systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Schuurmans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.10.013","article-title":"Exergame technology and interactive interventions for elderly fall prevention: A systematic literature review","volume":"65","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_248","first-page":"CD009848","article-title":"Exercise for reducing fear of falling in older people living in the community","volume":"2014","author":"Kendrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papalia, G.F., Papalia, R., Diaz Balzani, L.A., Torre, G., Zampogna, B., Vasta, S., Fossati, C., Alifano, A.M., and Denaro, V. (2020). The Effects of Physical Exercise on Balance and Prevention of Falls in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082595"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14889","article-title":"Home- and Community-Based Occupational Therapy Improves Functioning in Frail Older People: A Systematic Review","volume":"65","author":"Bekkering","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12476","article-title":"Fall risk assessment tools for use among older adults in long-term care settings: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Nunan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australas. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw036","article-title":"Exercise for reducing fear of falling in older people living in the community: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1694-3","article-title":"The FRAIL-NH Scale: Systematic Review of the Use, Validity and Adaptations for Frailty Screening in Nursing Homes","volume":"25","author":"Liau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000722","article-title":"Osteoporosis epidemiology using international cohorts","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep11020041","article-title":"Fall Risk Assessment Scales: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"11","author":"Strini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs. Rep."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0493-x","article-title":"Musculoskeletal health of Indigenous Australians","volume":"13","author":"Zengin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.04.001","article-title":"Analytical review: Focus on fall screening assessments","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.12.035","article-title":"Falls amongst older people in Southeast Asia: A scoping review","volume":"145","author":"Romli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980820000112","article-title":"Scoping Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Fall Risk Screening and Assessment in Older Adults across the Care Continuum","volume":"40","author":"Arnold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Aging"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzab173","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab173","article-title":"Functional Reach Test, Single-Leg Stance Test, and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment for the Prediction of Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"101","author":"Bezaire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2018.08.003","article-title":"The association between unexplained falls and cardiac arrhythmias: A scoping literature review","volume":"32","author":"Wiseman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.02.450","article-title":"Risks of Hip and Nonvertebral Fractures in Patients With CKD G3a-G5D: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Vilaca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-91","article-title":"Review of fall risk assessment in geriatric populations using inertial sensors","volume":"10","author":"Howcroft","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4222-z","article-title":"The impact of dizziness on quality-of-life in the elderly","volume":"274","author":"Ciorba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-021-01957-w","article-title":"Preventive treatment options for fear of falling within the Swiss healthcare system: A position paper","volume":"55","author":"Lenouvel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309506","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/309506","article-title":"Chair-based exercises for frail older people: A systematic review","volume":"2013","author":"Anthony","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aranda-Gallardo, M., Morales-Asencio, J.M., Canca-Sanchez, J.C., Barrero-Sojo, S., Perez-Jimenez, C., Morales-Fernandez, A., de Luna-Rodriguez, M.E., Moya-Suarez, A.B., and Mora-Banderas, A.M. (2013). Instruments for assessing the risk of falls in acute hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-122"},{"key":"ref_268","first-page":"CD012572","article-title":"Withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in older people","volume":"6","author":"Reeve","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.07.002","article-title":"Falls in aged people of the Chinese mainland: Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical strategies","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-01038-w","article-title":"The current situation in the approach to osteoporosis in older adults in Turkey: Areas in need of improvement with a model for other populations","volume":"16","author":"Bahat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1159\/000521140","article-title":"Managing Fall Prevention through Exercise in Older Adults Afflicted by Cognitive and Strength Impairment","volume":"50","author":"Senderovich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6247","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1969452","article-title":"Disentangling interventions to reduce fear of falling in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention components","volume":"44","author":"Kruisbrink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01556-6","article-title":"Volunteer-led physical activity interventions to improve health outcomes for community-dwelling older people: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2019.03.020","article-title":"Falls in older patients with cancer: Nursing and Allied Health Group of International Society of Geriatric Oncology review paper","volume":"11","author":"Sattar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e269","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa021","article-title":"Intervention Characteristics Associated With a Reduction in Fear of Falling Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"61","author":"Kruisbrink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15383","article-title":"Interventions to prevent in-hospital falls in older people with cognitive impairment for further research: A mixed studies review","volume":"29","author":"Adeleye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2012.05974.x","article-title":"External validity of physical activity interventions for community-dwelling older adults with fall risk: A quantitative systematic literature review","volume":"68","author":"McMahon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22215","DOI":"10.2196\/22215","article-title":"eHealth for Addressing Balance Disorders in the Elderly: Systematic Review","volume":"23","author":"Gaspar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013931","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013931","article-title":"Reducing falls after hospital discharge: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating an individualised multimodal falls education programme for older adults","volume":"7","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcgg.2015.12.002","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of the falls efficacy scale international in elderly: Systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Severino","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03036.x","article-title":"Fear of falling after hip fracture: A systematic review of measurement instruments, prevalence, interventions, and related factors","volume":"58","author":"Visschedijk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ca\u00e7ador, C., Teixeira-Lemos, E., Martins, S.O., and Ramos, F. (2021). The Role of Nutritional Status on Polypharmacy, Cognition, and Functional Capacity of Institutionalized Elderly: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103477"},{"key":"ref_283","first-page":"297","article-title":"Frailty and functional outcomes after open and endovascular procedures for patients with peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Verwijmeren","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00026","article-title":"Frailty as a Predictor of Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Borges","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170963","article-title":"Different Cognitive Frailty Models and Health- and Cognitive-related Outcomes in Older Age: From Epidemiology to Prevention","volume":"62","author":"Panza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-014-0080-8","article-title":"Prevention of Late-life Cognitive Disorders: Diet-Related Factors, Dietary Patterns, and Frailty Models","volume":"3","author":"Panza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005609","article-title":"The Association of Preoperative Frailty and Postoperative Delirium: A Meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Gracie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103997","article-title":"Cognitive frailty as a predictor of dementia among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.01.003","article-title":"Increasing use of cognitive measures in the operational definition of frailty-A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Beyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12311","article-title":"Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: A scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Courtin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Soc. Care Community"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.130418-LIT-182","article-title":"Interventions for alleviating loneliness among older persons: A critical review","volume":"29","author":"Perach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10486","DOI":"10.2196\/10486","article-title":"The Social Effects of Exergames on Older Adults: Systematic Review and Metric Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, K.J., and Victor, C. (2021). The association of loneliness with health and social care utilisation in older adults in the general population: A systematic review. Gerontologist, ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab177"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12313","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions to improve mental health in adults with vision impairment: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Margrain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.004","article-title":"Loneliness as a predictor of suicidal ideation and behaviour: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"274","author":"McClelland","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_296","first-page":"CD013632","article-title":"Video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: A rapid review","volume":"2020","author":"Noone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chawla, K., Kunonga, T.P., Stow, D., Barker, R., Craig, D., and Hanratty, B. (2021). Prevalence of loneliness amongst older people in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255088"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23588","DOI":"10.2196\/23588","article-title":"The Effect of Information and Communication Technology and Social Networking Site Use on Older People\u2019s Well- Being in Relation to Loneliness: Review of Experimental Studies","volume":"23","author":"Casanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06847-w","article-title":"A review of the impact of hearing interventions on social isolation and loneliness in older people with hearing loss","volume":"278","author":"Ellis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101400","article-title":"A systematic review of the impacts of intergenerational engagement on older adults\u2019 cognitive, social, and health outcomes","volume":"71","author":"Krzeczkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.005","article-title":"Assessing the social dimension of frailty in old age: A systematic review","volume":"78","author":"Bessa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013778","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013778","article-title":"Reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: A systematic review protocol","volume":"7","author":"Landeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554145","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.554145","article-title":"Systematic Review of Efficacy of Interventions for Social Isolation of Older Adults","volume":"12","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2021.1876638","article-title":"A systematic review of longitudinal risk factors for loneliness in older adults","volume":"26","author":"Dahlberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13239","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13239","article-title":"Social vulnerability underlying disability amongst older adults: A systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Cappelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e026667","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026667","article-title":"Social support and depression among community dwelling older adults in Asia: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Yunus","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16050\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:30:46Z","timestamp":1760146246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":306,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192316050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192316050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]}}}