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This study aims to evaluate the impact of a mental health curriculum implemented at schools, considering the implementation settings: online, onsite, and mixed (online and onsite). From kindergarten to high school, 933 students were evaluated by teachers regarding their social and emotional learning, strengths and difficulties, and academic outcomesin two measuring times: pre- and post-test. A qualitative analysis of teachers\u2019 adaptations to the online implementation was also conducted. Results revealed a positive impact with both mixed and onsite implementation. However, the mixed format demonstrated significant positive changes between the pre\u2014and post-test, namely in relationship skills, responsible decision-making, internalized problems, and academic achievement. The mixed format with few online activities appears to have a more positive impact on students. Nevertheless, implementing social and emotional skills (SES) activities exclusively online seems to positively affect some SES domains more than onsite and mixed formats. Teachers used synchronous (e.g., digital platforms) and asynchronous (e.g., extra resources) adaptations for the implementation. This study shows that implementing mental health programs at schools, in this case, PROMEHS, is beneficial for students, even amidst the pandemic, and regardless of the implementation settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:55:43Z","timestamp":1671429343000},"page":"16990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Does Online Implementation Make a Difference in the Effects of a Mental Health Curriculum at Schools?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0937-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida Frade","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela Caetano","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8440-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Lebre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Etnomusicologia INET-MD, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6420-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Grazzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Science for Education \u201cR. Massa\u201d, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2125","article-title":"Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children\u2019s Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Meilleur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, December 14). United Nations Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health. Available online: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/policy-brief-covid-19-and-need-action-mental-health-13-may-2020?gclid=EAIaIQobChMImfrqjMqJ_AIVB7qWCh1AqgQBEAAYAiAAEgJebPD_BwE."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30109-7","article-title":"Mental Health Effects of School Closures during COVID-19","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. 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