{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:26:07Z","timestamp":1773919567290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]],"date-time":"2022-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2013Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["(UIDB\/05704\/2020 and UIDP\/05704\/2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(UIDB\/05704\/2020 and UIDP\/05704\/2020)"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2013Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["[CEECINST\/00051\/2018]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[CEECINST\/00051\/2018]"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus\u2013Institutional Call","award":["(UIDB\/05704\/2020 and UIDP\/05704\/2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(UIDB\/05704\/2020 and UIDP\/05704\/2020)"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus\u2013Institutional Call","award":["[CEECINST\/00051\/2018]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[CEECINST\/00051\/2018]"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term illness, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can expose people to existential suffering that threatens their dignity. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of patients with advanced COPD in relation to dignity. An interpretative phenomenological approach based on lifeworld existentials was conducted to explore and understand the world of the lived experience. Twenty individuals with advanced COPD (GOLD [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease] stages III and IV) were selected using a purposive sampling strategy. In-depth interviews were used to collect data, which were then analysed using Van Manen\u2019s phenomenology of practice. The existential experience of dignity was understood, in essence, as \u201ca small candle flame that doesn\u2019t go out!\u201d. Four intertwined constituents illuminated the phenomenon: \u201cLived body\u2013balancing between sick body and willingness to continue\u201d; \u201cLived relations\u2013balancing between self-control and belongingness\u201d; \u201cLived Time\u2013balancing between past, present and a limited future\u201d; and \u201cLived space\u2013balancing between safe places and non-compassionate places\u201d. This study explains how existential life phenomena are experienced during the final phases of the COPD trajectory and provides ethical awareness of how dignity is lived. More research is needed to investigate innovative approaches to manage complex care in advanced COPD, in order to assist patients in discovering their inner resources to develop and promote dignity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192417029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:55:43Z","timestamp":1671429343000},"page":"17029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u201cDignity as a Small Candle Flame That Doesn\u2019t Go Out!\u201d: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study with Patients Living with Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena\u2013Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Santo Andr\u00e9\u201466\u201368, Campus 5, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Research in Education and Community Intervention (RECI I&D), Piaget Institute, 3515-776 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Studies and Development of Continuous and Palliative Care (CEDCCP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Dourado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies and Development of Continuous and Palliative Care (CEDCCP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2019.1576","article-title":"Global Burden of Chronic Respiratory Diseases","volume":"33","author":"Viegi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S234942","article-title":"Economic Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"15","author":"Iheanacho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obs. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2022, August 11). Global strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2020 Report. 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