{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T15:18:02Z","timestamp":1773760682337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (Portugal)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138326\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138326\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (Portugal)","award":["CP\/217\/DDT\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP\/217\/DDT\/2022"]}]},{"name":"U\u00c9vora\u2014UniverCIDADE VII program","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138326\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138326\/2018"]}]},{"name":"U\u00c9vora\u2014UniverCIDADE VII program","award":["CP\/217\/DDT\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP\/217\/DDT\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Institute for Sport and Youth\u2014I.P.","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138326\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138326\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Institute for Sport and Youth\u2014I.P.","award":["CP\/217\/DDT\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP\/217\/DDT\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs\u2019 benefits are overall consensual; however, during exercise, progressive physiological effects have not been studied yet in cardiac patients. Our study aims to analyze physiological parameters of thermography, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, central nervous system (CNS) fatigue, and cortical arousal in heart attack patients (HAP) who belong to CR programs of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-intensity Continuous Training (MICT) compared to healthy participants. In this case control study, two HAP patients (both male, age 35 and 48, respectively) and two healthy people (both male, age 38 and 46, respectively) were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio to one of four groups: cardiac MICT, cardiac HIIT, control MICT, and control HIIT. The HIIT at \u224885\u201395% of peak heart rate (HR) was followed by a one-minute recovery interval at 40% peakHR, and MICT at \u224870\u201375% of peakHR. Outcome measurements included thermography, HRV, blood pressure, CNS fatigue, and cortical arousal; The HAP presents more than twice the CNS fatigue in MICT than control participants, but HIIT has almost the same CNS fatigue in HAP and control. In addition, both of the HAP groups presented higher temperatures in the chest. The HIIT protocol showed better physiological responses during exercise, compared to MICT in HAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:26:25Z","timestamp":1671765985000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Influence of Two Exercise Programs on Heart Rate Variability, Body Temperature, Central Nervous System Fatigue, and Cortical Arousal after a Heart Attack"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4909-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Parraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9009-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Esp\u00edrito Santo, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9753-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Raimundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2397-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). 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