{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T07:03:26Z","timestamp":1768719806774,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/150847\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150847\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XXI NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XXI NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/150847\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150847\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XXI NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XXI NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project AgriFood","award":["UI\/BD\/150847\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150847\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Project AgriFood","award":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00616\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Project AgriFood","award":["XXI NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XXI NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The degradation of a model agro-industrial wastewater phenolic compound (caffeic acid, CA) by a UV-A-Fenton system was investigated in this work. Experiments were carried out in order to compare batch and continuous mode. Initially, batch experiments showed that UV-A-Fenton at pH 3.0 (pH of CA solution) achieved a higher generation of HO\u2022, leading to high CA degradation (&gt;99.5%). The influence of different operational conditions, such as H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations, were evaluated. The results fit a pseudo first-order (PFO) kinetic model, and a high kinetic rate of CA removal was observed, with a [CA] = 5.5 \u00d7 10\u22124 mol\/L, [H2O2] = 2.2 \u00d7 10\u22123 mol\/L and [Fe2+] = 1.1 \u00d7 10\u22124 mol\/L (kCA = 0.694 min\u22121), with an electric energy per order (EEO) of 7.23 kWh m\u22123 order\u22121. Under the same operational conditions, experiments in continuous mode were performed under different flow rates. The results showed that CA achieved a steady state with higher space-times (\u03b8 = 0.04) in comparison to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal (\u03b8 = 0\u20130.020). The results showed that by increasing the flow rate (F) from 1 to 4 mL min\u22121, the CA and DOC removal rate increased significantly (kCA = 0.468 min\u22121; kDOC = 0.00896 min\u22121). It is concluded that continuous modes are advantageous systems that can be adapted to wastewater treatment plants for the treatment of real agro-industrial wastewaters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T01:33:12Z","timestamp":1673400792000},"page":"1276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Degradation of Agro-Industrial Wastewater Model Compound by UV-A-Fenton Process: Batch vs. Continuous Mode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3410-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDO), Campus da Auga, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7667-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3300-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5463-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco S.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-017-1522-9","article-title":"Advanced technologies for the treatment of wastewaters from agro-processing industries and cogeneration of by-products: A case of slaughterhouse, dairy and beverage industries","volume":"15","author":"Alayu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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