{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:46:19Z","timestamp":1760147179281,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n and the FEDER program","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"]}]},{"name":"EEA Grants Bilateral Relations Fund","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020","UIDB\/00511\/2020-UIDP\/00511\/2020","CLU 2017-09","UIC315","VA266P20","CL-EI-2021-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dominant SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) became the main circulating variant among countries by mid 2021. Attention was raised to the increased risk of airborne transmission, leading to nosocomial outbreaks even among vaccinated individuals. Considering the increased number of COVID-19 hospital admissions fueled by the spread of the variant, with Spain showing the highest COVID-19 rates in mainland Europe by July 2021, the aim of this study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination in different areas of a University Hospital in the region of Castile-Le\u00f3n, Spain, during the peak of the 5th wave of COVID-19 in the country (July 2021). Air samples were collected from sixteen different areas of the Hospital using a Coriolis\u00ae \u03bc air sampler. Surface samples were collected in these same areas using sterile flocked plastic swabs. RNA extraction followed by a one-step RT-qPCR were performed for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Of the 21 air samples, only one was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, from the emergency waiting room. Of the 40 surface samples, 2 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, both from the microbiology laboratory. These results may be relevant for risk assessment of nosocomial infection within healthcare facilities, thus helping prevent and minimize healthcare staff\u2019s exposure to SARS-CoV-2, reinforcing the importance of always wearing appropriate and well-fit masks at all times and proper PPE when in contact with infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T02:04:45Z","timestamp":1673834685000},"page":"1574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Environmental Dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 in a University Hospital during the COVID-19 5th Wave Delta Variant Peak in Castile-Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8384-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla","family":"Gomes da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIunit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2191-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina S\/N., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s\/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9279-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Torres Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina S\/N., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s\/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina S\/N., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s\/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina S\/N., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s\/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8013-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ordu\u00f1a Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Valladolid University Clinical Hospital (HCUV), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sonsoles","family":"Garcinu\u00f1o P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Valladolid University Clinical Hospital (HCUV), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Alberto","family":"March Rosell\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Valladolid University Clinical Hospital (HCUV), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlos Jes\u00fas","family":"Due\u00f1as Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Valladolid University Clinical Hospital (HCUV), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4139-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia I.V.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Garcia Encina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina S\/N., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s\/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIunit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), 1800-412 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020, September 28). 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