{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:42:12Z","timestamp":1778085732995,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The following paper presents as a research problem the ethnic-regional differences in the allocation of high complexity spending in Brazil in an analysis from 2010 to 2019. This is a descriptive research in which a generalized linear model (GLM) was developed to analyze these hospital expenditures with high complexity procedures. The total spending on high complexity procedures in Brazil has increased over the past decade. The study shows that the lowest average expenditures are found in the North and Northeast regions. When comparing the spending between different ethnicities, it was observed that the only decrease between the years 2010 and 2019 was in the amount spent on procedures in indigenous people. The spending on male patients was significantly higher compared to female patients. The highest expenditures, on the other hand, are concentrated in the regions of state capitals favoring the strengthening of hub municipalities. Geographic inequalities in access still persist, even with most states already offering almost all procedures. The Brazilian territory is very heterogeneous and needs to organize its health system by regions, therefore integrated public policies and economic and social development are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:59:43Z","timestamp":1675907983000},"page":"3006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ethnic-Regional Differences in the Allocation of High Complexity Spending in Brazil: Time Analysis 2010\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Luiz Oscar Machado","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcio Fernandes","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos UNIPAC, Juiz de Fora 36025-030, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Chaoubah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estat\u00edstica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora UFJF, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8590-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilhermina","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, July 09). 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