{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:56:07Z","timestamp":1764172567929,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physical fitness of children is an important marker of health, and monitoring its temporal changes provides important information for developing interventions. We aimed to: (1) describe secular trends in physical fitness across age, within each sex, in Peruvian schoolchildren; and (2) verify if these trends are also present when adjusted for changes in height and weight. We sampled 1590 children (707 in 2009; 883 in 2019), aged 6\u201311 years. Physical fitness was assessed with four tests from the EUROFIT battery. ANOVA and ANCOVA statistical models were used. Results showed that with increasing age, girls and boys were significantly stronger in all PF tests, except for the case of flexibility in girls. In 2019, girls were stronger (handgrip) and more flexible than in 2009; but lower values were evident in standing long jumps in both sexes. Age-by-year interactions were statistically significant for agility in both sexes, with significant differences occurring at different ages. These trends did not change when adjusted for temporal changes in height and weight. Our research provides important data for local governments to implement public policies and practices to improve physical fitness levels in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:07:57Z","timestamp":1676257677000},"page":"3236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Peruvian Children Living at High-Altitude"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4607-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-030, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Hedeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60007, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter T.","family":"Katzmarzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alcib\u00edades","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzm\u00e1n y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica 15472, Peru"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hedegaard, M. 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