{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:54:30Z","timestamp":1760147670562,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00051\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00051\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus\u2014Institutional Call","award":["UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00051\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00051\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spiritual care requires understanding the spiritual experiences of patients and recognizing their resources and needs. Therefore, educators and practitioners should develop their knowledge and understanding in this regard. Spiritual care helps people overcome their anxieties, worries, and suffering; reduces stress; promotes healing; and encourages patients to find inner peace. To provide comprehensive and appropriate care while upholding human\/ethical virtues, the spiritual dimension must be a priority. We aim to develop spiritual care competence guidelines for Palliative Care (PC) education and practice in Portugal and Spain. The study detailed in this protocol paper will include three phases. In phase I, the phenomenon will be characterized and divided into two tasks: (1) a concept analysis of \u201cspiritual care competence\u201d; and (2) a systematic review of interventions or strategies used to integrate spiritual care in PC education and practice. Phase II will entail a sequential explanatory approach (online survey and qualitative interviews) to deepen understanding of the perceptions and experiences of educators, practitioners, and patients\/family carers regarding spiritual care in PC education and practice and generate ideas for the next steps. Phase III will comprise a multi-phased, consensus-based approach to identify priority areas of need as decided by a group of experts. Results will be used to produce guidelines for integrating spirituality and spiritual care competence within PC education and practice and synthesized in a white book for PC professionals. The value of this improved examination of spiritual care competence will ultimately depend on whether it can inform the development and implementation of tailored educational and PC services. The project will promote the \u2018spiritual care\u2019 imperative, helping practitioners and patients\/family carers in their preparedness for End-of-Life care, as well as improving curricular practices in this domain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T01:59:24Z","timestamp":1676599164000},"page":"3505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["SPACEE Protocol: \u201cSpiritual Care Competence\u201d in PAlliative Care Education and PracticE: Mixed-Methods Research in the Development of Iberian Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Rua de Santo Andr\u00e9\u201466\u201368, Campus 5, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-801 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enric","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vit\u00f3ria, Carretera Pozuelo a, Av de Majadahonda, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Anjos","family":"Dixe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Rua de Santo Andr\u00e9\u201466\u201368, Campus 5, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Dones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vit\u00f3ria, Carretera Pozuelo a, Av de Majadahonda, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Palliative Care Hospital Support Team, The Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital of Madrid, M-607, 9, 100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo, n\u00b0 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7344-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Specos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vit\u00f3ria, Carretera Pozuelo a, Av de Majadahonda, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute Pallium Latin-American, Bonpland 2287, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5021-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Querido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Rua de Santo Andr\u00e9\u201466\u201368, Campus 5, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), NursID, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803792","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.803792","article-title":"Suffering a Healthy Life\u2014On the Existential Dimension of Health","volume":"13","author":"Binder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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