{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:26:18Z","timestamp":1775471178425,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Short Functional Geriatric Evaluation (SFGE) is a multidimensional and short questionnaire to assess biopsychosocial frailty in older adults. This paper aims to clarify the latent factors of SFGE. Data were collected from January 2016 to December 2020 from 8800 community-dwelling older adults participating in the \u201cLong Live the Elderly!\u201d program. Social operators administered the questionnaire through phone calls. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out to identify the quality of the structure of the SFGE. Principal component analysis was also performed. According to the SFGE score, 37.7% of our sample comprised robust, 24.0% prefrail, 29.3% frail, and 9.0% very frail individuals. Using the EFA, we identified three main factors: psychophysical frailty, the need for social and economic support, and the lack of social relationships. The Kaiser\u2013Meyer\u2013Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.792, and Bartlett\u2019s test of sphericity had a statistically significant result (p-value &lt; 0.001). The three constructs that emerged explain the multidimensionality of biopsychosocial frailty. The SFGE score, 40% of which is social questions, underlines the crucial relevance of the social domain in determining the risk of adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:22:16Z","timestamp":1677464536000},"page":"4129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of the Short Functional Geriatric Evaluation (SFGE) to Assess the Multidimensionality of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Liotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0659-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Madaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cLong Live the Elderly!\u201d Program, Community of Sant\u2019Egidio, 00153 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Formosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Gialloreti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Donnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Scarcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3050-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Apostolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3947-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9887-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SHINE 2Europe, 3030-163 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3868-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willeke","family":"van Staalduinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFEdemy\u2014Academy on Age-Friendly Environments in Europe, 2806 ED Gouda, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6115-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9834-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Illario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Gentili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1806-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Palombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, October 28). 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