{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:42:23Z","timestamp":1775626943141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical activity is associated with a host of positive health outcomes and is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors. We aim to: (1) estimate sibling resemblance in two physical activity phenotypes [total number of steps\u2219day\u22121 and minutes for moderate steps per day (min\u2219day\u22121)]; and (2) investigate the joint associations of individual characteristics and shared natural environment with intra-pair sibling similarities in each phenotype. We sampled 247 biological siblings from 110 nuclear families, aged 6\u201317 years, from three Peruvian regions. Physical activity was measured using pedometers and body mass index was calculated. In general, non-significant variations in the intraclass correlation coefficients were found after adjustment for individual characteristics and geographical area for both phenotypes. Further, no significant differences were found between the three sib-ship types. Sister-sister pairs tended to take fewer steps than brother-brother (\u03b2 = \u22122908.75 \u00b1 954.31). Older siblings tended to walk fewer steps (\u03b2 = \u221281.26 \u00b1 19.83), whereas body mass index was not associated with physical activity. Siblings living at high-altitude and in the Amazon region had higher steps\/day (\u03b2 = 2508.92 \u00b1 737.94; \u03b2 = 2213.11 \u00b1 776.63, respectively) compared with their peers living at sea-level. In general, we found no influence of sib-types, body mass index, and\/or environment on the two physical activity phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:23:36Z","timestamp":1677468216000},"page":"4210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sibling Resemblance in Physical Activity Levels: The Peruvian Sibling Study on Growth and Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Garganta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. Timothy","family":"Lightfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-030, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Hedeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter T.","family":"Katzmarzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}]},{"given":"Alcib\u00edades","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzm\u00e1n y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica 15472, Peru"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01259-9","article-title":"Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: Current evidence and opportunities for intervention","volume":"398","author":"Ekelund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106433","article-title":"Physical inactivity from youth to adulthood and adult cardiometabolic risk profile","volume":"145","author":"Kallio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev. 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