{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:16:05Z","timestamp":1778001365817,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although several studies have described the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on sleep quality, there are few studies that, in the same time period and using the same assessment tools, compare sleep quality and mental health status between nurses and the general population. Thus, the aim of this study was to (a) examine whether there were differences between nurses and the general population regarding sleep quality and mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) identify which factors may explain sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do that, we carried out a cross-sectional study in Portugal. Data were collected using an online survey platform during the first COVID-19 wave, from April to August 2020. Nurses presented poorer sleep quality than the general population, as well as higher anxiety levels. Irritability and worries about the future were two of the factors that might explain those differences. Thus, we can conclude that irritability and worries about the future are dimensions of anxiety that were associated with poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it would be important to adopt regular anxiety and sleep assessments, particularly for nurses, and to implement strategies to reduce this problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T02:26:02Z","timestamp":1681698362000},"page":"5531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sleep Quality between Nurses and the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: What Are the Differences?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9245-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing School of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 830, 844, 856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, R. Dr. Jos\u00e9 Correia Maltez, 7800-111 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6975-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7554-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Jos\u00e9","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7937-7841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENC\u2014Sleep Medicine Center, Rua Conde das Antas, 5, 1070-068 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriol\u00f3gico, 5, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Guedes de Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30168-1","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Research Priorities for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call for Action for Mental Health Science","volume":"7","author":"Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2008017","article-title":"Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"383","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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