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This study sought to understand the meanings and experiences through the narratives of prisoners and family members affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a maximum-security state penitentiary complex in southern Brazil. For this purpose, a qualitative study was developed based on the methodological framework of constructivist grounded theory. Data were collected between February and August 2022 through individual in-depth interviews and field notes. The sample consisted of 41 participants: 28 male prisoners, and 13 family members. Guided by the Charmaz method of grounded theory analysis, the study afforded the core category \u201cFeeling trapped in prison during the COVID-19 pandemic\u201d with three interrelated phases: \u201cTriggering\u201d, \u201cEscalating\u201d, and \u201cReadjustment\u201d. The \u201cTriggering\u201d phase refers to COVID-19-related elements or events that triggered certain reactions, processes, or changes in prison. During the \u201cEscalating\u201d phase, participants became overwhelmed by the suffering caused by incarceration and the pandemic crisis. The \u201cReadjustment\u201d phase involved adapting, reorienting, or reformulating previous approaches or strategies for dealing with a specific situation. Prisons faced complex challenges during the pandemic and were forced to prioritize protecting public health. However, the measures adopted must be carefully evaluated, ensuring their needs and that they are based on scientific evidence. The punitive approach can undermine inmate trust in prison authorities, making it difficult to report symptoms and adhere to preventive measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20156488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:24:24Z","timestamp":1690881864000},"page":"6488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Meanings and Experiences of Prisoners and Family Members Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Brazilian Prison Unit: A Grounded Theory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanessa Cristina","family":"Baccon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790\u2014Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria Aparecida","family":"Salci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790\u2014Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790\u2014Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0977-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Martins","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790\u2014Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8578-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francielle Renata Danielli Martins","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790\u2014Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcelle","family":"Paiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790\u2014Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi","family":"Baldissera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790\u2014Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Rua de Santo Andr\u00e9-66-68, Campus 5, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-801 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esposito, M., Salerno, M., Di Nunno, N., Ministeri, F., Liberto, A., and Sessa, F. 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