{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T10:32:24Z","timestamp":1768991544301,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology, and Innovation (ICETI)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 \u00b1 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) (n = 21; 14.24 \u00b1 2.61 years old) and individual group (IG) (n = 22; 13.23 \u00b1 2.27 years old). The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), calculation of body mass index (BMI), and waist\u2013hip ratio (WHR)), body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat), biochemical measures (fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c)), and the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before and after the interventions. The multi-disciplinary interventions occurred for 12 weeks (three days a week lasting 1 h and 30 min, in which 30 min were dedicated to theoretical interventions (nutrition: nutritional education and psychology: psychoeducation) and 1 h to physical exercises. A time effect was observed for LM, FFM, SMM, FM, and HDL-c, with higher values after intervention and a significant decrease for FM, BF, visceral fat, fasting glucose, TG, TC, LDL-c, and DBP (p &lt; 0.05). However, no group, sub-group, or interaction effects were observed when comparing FG, IG, or sexes (p &gt; 0.05). The responses of the present study show that both multi-disciplinary approaches (family and individual) promoted improvement in the body composition indicators, biochemical markers, and DBP of overweight and obese adolescents independently of the intervention group. Given this finding, health professionals, families, and adolescents could choose the type of intervention based on their preferences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20206954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T11:53:56Z","timestamp":1697802836000},"page":"6954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of 12 Weeks of Family and Individual Multi-Disciplinary Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents under Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters: A Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"D\u00e9borah","family":"de Souza Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"dos Santos Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilene","family":"de Souza Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Joed","family":"Ryal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marielle","family":"De Paula Silva Lalucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3948-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Vald\u00e9s-Badilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile"},{"name":"Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Vin\u00e3 del Mar 2520000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Greice","family":"Westphal Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4625-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Braulio","family":"Magnani Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Medicine Course, Department of Health Sciences, Cesumar University, Maring\u00e1 87050-390, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20173459","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3459","article-title":"Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999\u20132016","volume":"141","author":"Skinner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0002-8","article-title":"Treatment of adolescent obesity","volume":"14","author":"Steinbeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx152","article-title":"Complications of obesity","volume":"111","author":"Kinlen","year":"2017","journal-title":"QJM Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dettlaff-Dunowska, M., Brzezi\u0144ski, M., Zagierska, A., Borkowska, A., Zagierski, M., and Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, A. (2022). Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance in Children with Excessive Body Weight Participating in an Integrated Weight-Loss Programme. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173647"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"WHO (2021, June 09). Obesity and Overweight. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Wang, K., Tian, Q., Zhang, J., Qi, L., and Chen, T. (2022). Effect of Diet and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss among Metabolically Healthy and Metabolically Unhealthy Obese Children and Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106120"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01013","article-title":"Effects of the Order of Physical Exercises on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents Participating in an Interdisciplinary Program Focusing on the Treatment of Obesity","volume":"10","author":"Branco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002877","article-title":"Effects of 2 Types of Resistance Training Models on Obese Adolescents\u2019 Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Physical Fitness","volume":"34","author":"Branco","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589554","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.589554","article-title":"Sports and Functional Training Improve a Subset of Obesity-Related Health Parameters in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"Branco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spagnuolo, R., Montalcini, T., De Bonis, D., Ferro, Y., Cosco, C., Mazza, E., Romeo, S., Doldo, P., and Pujia, A. (2019). Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020303"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rigamonti, A.E., Tringali, G., De Micheli, R., De Col, A., Tamini, S., Saezza, A., Cella, S.G., and Sartorio, A. (2020). Impact of a Three-Week in-Hospital Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition, Muscle Performance and Fatigue in a Pediatric Obese Population with or without Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010208"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez, G., Kovalskys, I., Leme, A.C.B., Quesada, D., Rigotti, A., Sanabria, L.Y.C., Garc\u00eda, M.C.Y., Liria-Dom\u00ednguez, M.R., Herrera-Cuenca, M., and Fisberg, R.M. (2021). Socioeconomic Status Impact on Diet Quality and Body Mass Index in Eight Latin American Countries: ELANS Study Results. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072404"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scaglioni, S., De Cosmi, V., Ciappolino, V., Parazzini, F., Brambilla, P., and Agostoni, C. (2018). Factors Influencing Children\u2019s Eating Behaviours. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060706"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, D.C.S., Ferreira, W.C., Santos, I.C., Ryal, J.J., Marques, M.G.S., Oliveira, F.M., Milani, R.G., Mota, J., Vald\u00e9s-Badilla, P., and Branco, B.H.M. (2023). Impacts of a Multi-Professional Family versus Isolated Intervention on Food Level Processing in Overweight Adolescents: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040935"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee","article-title":"2013 AHA\/ACC\/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity Society","volume":"129","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"MR000030","article-title":"Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) and the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in medical journals","volume":"2013","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20201238","article-title":"Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens\u00e3o Arterial 2020","volume":"116","author":"Barroso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Tanner, J.M. (1962). Growth at Adolescence, Blackwell Scientific Publications. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199208000-00020","article-title":"Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual","volume":"24","author":"Lohman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836400.200","article-title":"Proposal of a normative table for body fat percentages of Brazilian young adults through bioimpedanciometry","volume":"14","author":"Branco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.36311\/jhgd.v32.11542","article-title":"Establishing a normative table for classifying body fat percentage in adolescents","volume":"32","author":"Sena","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hum. Growth Dev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497","article-title":"Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents","volume":"85","author":"Onis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sociedade Brasileira de Carrdiologia (2005). I Diretriz de Preven\u00e7\u00e3o de Aterosclerose na Inf\u00e2ncia e Adolesc\u00eancia. Arq. Bras. Cardiol., 85, 1\u201336.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2005002500001"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Brasil (2014). Guia Alimentar para a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.20473\/jps.v11i2.35989","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Group Psychotherapy on Reducing Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Bangun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psikiatri Surabaya"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Pichon-Rivi\u00e8re, E. (2009). O Processo Grupal, Martins Fontes. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"109","article-title":"A New Approach to Monitoring Exercise Training","volume":"15","author":"Foster","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, R., Soni, S., and Houle, S.A. (2020). Negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet: Effects on visceral adipose tissue and liver fat. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040891"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Ferguson, D., Hutson, I., Tycksen, E., Pietka, T., Bauerle, K., and Harris, C. (2020). Decreased adiposity likely resulted from increased energy expenditure since food intake was not different. Endocrionology, 1612."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272270","article-title":"Concurrent exercise training: Do opposites distract?","volume":"595","author":"Coffey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-01037-7","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with normal weight obesity","volume":"76","author":"Cota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-00985-x","article-title":"Prevention starts from the crib: The pediatric point of view on detection of families at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"47","author":"Capra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"3","article-title":"Quantifying the overall impact of an early childhood multi-behavioural lifestyle intervention","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, T.R.H., Fonvig, C.E., Dahl, M., Mollerup, P.M., Lausten-Thomsen, U., Pedersen, O., Hansen, T., and Holm, J.-C. (2018). Childhood obesity treatment; Effects on BMI SDS, body composition, and fasting plasma lipid concentrations. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190576"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2021, March 20). Diabetes Basics. Available online: http:\/\/www.diabetes.org\/diabetes-basics\/?loc=db-slabnav."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.14543","article-title":"Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents","volume":"328","author":"Force","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes.2018.27.3.143","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia in Obese Children and Adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Obes. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-023-01219-z","article-title":"Impact of exercise training duration on obesity and cardiometabolic biomarkers: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Rai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0207-1","article-title":"Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation","volume":"15","author":"Purdom","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096605","article-title":"Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise alone to improve health outcomes in paediatric obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Peterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106503","article-title":"Exercise training and resting blood pressure: A large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"Edwards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2017.69","article-title":"Resistance training alone reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals: Meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Abrahin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlaev, I., Taylor, M.J., Taylor, D., Gately, P., Gunn, L.H., Abeles, A., Kerkadi, A., Lothian, J., Jreige, S.K., and Alsaadi, A. (2021). Testing a multicomponent lifestyle intervention for combatting childhood obesity. BMC Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10838-1"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00435-4","article-title":"Child and adolescent obesity","volume":"9","author":"Lister","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/20\/6954\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:09:25Z","timestamp":1760130565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/20\/6954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20206954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20206954","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]}}}