{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:15:04Z","timestamp":1775128504464,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women, with an incidence of 85\u201394 per 100,000 people annually in Europe. Despite the increasing incidence of BC, advancements in early detection and novel therapeutic approaches have improved survival rates. However, adjuvant treatments are associated with side effects, including a reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which can result in severe cardiac damage and progress to heart failure. Methods: Thirty-eight women undergoing BC treatment were included in the study. Eighteen women (47.2 \u00b1 5.4 years old) participated in a supervised physical exercise (PE) program for 60 min\/day, twice weekly, at moderate to high intensity (5 min joint mobilization, 20 min predominantly aerobic training, 30 min of strength training, and 5 min cooldown). The remaining 20 women (51.5 \u00b1 9.5 years) were advised to remain active during treatments, but without specific supervision. In the PE group, a slight reduction in the LVEF was observed after chemotherapy (63.73 \u00b1 3.34% vs. 61.00 \u00b1 6.54%, p = 0.131). In contrast, the control group showed a statistically significant reduction in the LVEF (64.93 \u00b1 4.00% vs. 60.57 \u00b1 4.86%, p = 0.008). Although the results suggest a potential protective effect of regular physical exercise during BC treatment, the study was inconclusive regarding its role in preventing cardiac dysfunction. Further research with a larger sample size and longer follow-up is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22010094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T11:31:31Z","timestamp":1736767891000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of an Easily Implemented Physical Exercise Program on the Ventricular Ejection Fraction of Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8484-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago Rafael","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center of Polytechnic Institute of Maia (N2i), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center of Polytechnic Institute of Maia (N2i), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Unit of Alto Ave, 4835-044 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno Nobre","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, University Unifametro, Fortaleza CE-065, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Can\u00e1rio-Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4038-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno Domingos","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Vila\u00e7a-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sancho-Garnier, H., and Colonna, M. (2019). Breast Cancer Epidemiology, Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.07.019","article-title":"Exercise as a Polypill for Chronic Diseases","volume":"135","author":"Garatachea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12581","article-title":"Exercise as medicine\u2014Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases","volume":"25","author":"Pedersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.04.010","article-title":"The effects of physical self-management on quality of life in breast cancer patients: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Nelissen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, F., and Ye, W. (2019). Exercise Intervention Improves Clinical Outcomes, but the \u201cTime of Session\u201d is Crucial for Better Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050706"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4391","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.53","article-title":"Exercise training in cancer related cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Westphal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0590","article-title":"Patient-Reported Toxicities During Chemotherapy Regimens in Current Clinical Practice for Early Breast Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Nyrop","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.04.014","article-title":"Decline in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Following Anthracyclines Predicts Trastuzumab Cardiotoxicity","volume":"7","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.08.026","article-title":"Review and meta-analysis of incidence and clinical predictors of anthracycline cardiotoxicity","volume":"112","author":"Lotrionte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2022.2135977","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers of attending BaDuanJin experienced by breast cancer survivors during chemotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hojan, K., Procyk, D., Hory\u0144ska-K\u0119stowicz, D., Leporowska, E., and Litwiniuk, M. (2020). The Preventive role of Regular Physical Training in Ventricular Remodeling, Serum Cardiac Markers, and Exercise Performance Changes in Breast Cancer in Women Undergoing Trastuzumab Therapy-An REH-HER Study. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051379"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad063","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on cardiac toxicity markers in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy with anthracyclines: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Antunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004560","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004560","article-title":"Left Ventricular Mass Change After Anthracycline Chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Jordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1610","article-title":"Myocardial dysfunction in long-term breast cancer survivors treated at ages 40\u201350 years","volume":"22","author":"Jacobse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318811181","article-title":"Exercise as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the prevention of cardiovascular dysfunction in breast cancer patients","volume":"26","author":"Howden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000388","article-title":"Feasibility and Outcomes of an Exercise Intervention for Chemotherapy-Induced Heart Failure","volume":"39","author":"Tsai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","article-title":"2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR)","volume":"37","author":"Piepoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-4304-8_8","article-title":"The Positive Effects of Exercise in Chemotherapy-Related Cardiomyopathy","volume":"1000","author":"Cavarretta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-263699","article-title":"The search for exercise factors in humans","volume":"29","author":"Catoire","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/1\/94\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:27:11Z","timestamp":1759919231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/1\/94"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph22010094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22010094","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]}}}