{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T16:50:14Z","timestamp":1766767814473,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["PTDC\/GES-URB\/2038\/2021","CEAU-FAUP","UIDB\/00145\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/GES-URB\/2038\/2021","CEAU-FAUP","UIDB\/00145\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Center for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism of the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto","award":["PTDC\/GES-URB\/2038\/2021","CEAU-FAUP","UIDB\/00145\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/GES-URB\/2038\/2021","CEAU-FAUP","UIDB\/00145\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Lisbon, Portugal)","award":["PTDC\/GES-URB\/2038\/2021","CEAU-FAUP","UIDB\/00145\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/GES-URB\/2038\/2021","CEAU-FAUP","UIDB\/00145\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban environments and climate-related challenges impact older adults\u2019 health and well-being. To address these challenges, climate adaptation strategies and urban design guidelines should be tailored to older adults\u2019 needs. Ethnographic studies can help identify these needs by involving them directly in the research process. This study uses ethnographic research to explore older adults\u2019 perceptions and behaviours regarding climate change risks and impacts, health, and mobility challenges in a vulnerable urban area\u2014S\u00e3o Roque da Lameira, Porto, Portugal. It studies the applicability and complementarity of four participatory methods that can inform urban design: (I) semi-structured interviews, (II) \u2018go-along\u2019 interviews, (III) user observations, and (IV) emotional mapping. The qualitative data collected were analysed through thematic and spatial analysis. Common themes emerged between the four methods, including concerns about accessibility, safety, and comfort, such as uneven pavements, lack of seating, and poor infrastructure for people with reduced mobility. Participants recommended improvements, such as more green spaces and better pedestrian infrastructure quality. Notably, each method uncovered distinct dimensions, highlighting the added value of a multi-method approach. This study demonstrates that combining participatory methods offers deeper, context-specific insights to inform age-friendly and climate-resilient urban design. Future research should take climate-focused methods and a multidisciplinary approach into consideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22060850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1748512054000},"page":"850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Participatory Methods to Support Climate Adaptation for Older Adults Living in Vulnerable Urban Areas: An Ethnographic Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7966-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel Bruno","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2014Health, Competence Center for Active and Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bibiana","family":"Tini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEAU\u2014Center for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3573-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Mimoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2014Health, Competence Center for Active and Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0183-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodora","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2014Health, Competence Center for Active and Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Silva","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEAU\u2014Center for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1013-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7404-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisela","family":"Lameira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEAU\u2014Center for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1981-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Mid\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2014Health, Competence Center for Active and Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6362-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leovaldo","family":"Alc\u00e2ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2014Health, Competence Center for Active and Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Md Imtiaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8234-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Jorge Garcia","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEAU\u2014Center for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9736-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0398-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Corvacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2014Institute of R&D in Structures and Construction, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4716-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1692-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5993-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, 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