{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T09:29:57Z","timestamp":1769765397425,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFA\/BD\/4775\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFA\/BD\/4775\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMINHO\/BI\/175\/2013, UMINHO\/BI\/172\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMINHO\/BI\/175\/2013, UMINHO\/BI\/172\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/02213\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/02213\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LIFE LINES","award":["LIFE14 NAT\/PT\/001081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIFE14 NAT\/PT\/001081"]}]},{"name":"ENGAGE-SKA","award":["POCI-FEDER 022217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-FEDER 022217"]}]},{"name":"FEDER\/ COMPETE \u2013 POFC","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BIC\/4296\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BIC\/4296\/2012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Road networks are the main source of mortality for many species. Amphibians, which are in global decline, are the most road-killed fauna group, due to their activity patterns and preferred habitats. Many different methodologies have been applied in modeling the relationship between environment and road-kills events, such as logistic regression. Here, we compared the performance of five regression techniques to relate amphibians\u2019 road-kill frequency to environmental variables. For this, we surveyed three country roads in northern Portugal in search of road-killed amphibians. To explain the presence of road-kills, we selected a set of environmental variables important for the presence of amphibians and the occurrence of road-kills. We compared the performances of five modeling techniques: (i) generalized linear models, (ii) generalized additive models, (iii) random forest, (iv) boosted regression trees, and (v) geographically weighted regression. The boosted regression trees and geographically weighted regression techniques performed the best, with a percentage of deviance explained between 61.8% and 76.6% and between 55.3% and 66.7%, respectively. Moreover, the geographically weighted regression showed a great advantage over the other techniques, as it allows mapping local parameter coefficients as well as local model performance (pseudo-R2). The results suggest that geographically weighted regression is a useful tool for road-kill modeling, as well as to better visualize and map the spatial variability of the models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10050343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T06:01:33Z","timestamp":1621317693000},"page":"343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Spatial Approach for Modeling Amphibian Road-Kills: Comparison of Regression Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Sousa-Guedes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Franch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"},{"name":"PECAT Research Group, Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3490-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neftal\u00ed","family":"Sillero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Fragmentation impacts caused by roads through rainforests","volume":"93","author":"Goosem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. 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