{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:28:15Z","timestamp":1767652095373,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital location traces are a relevant source of insights into how citizens experience their cities. Previous works using call detail records (CDRs) tend to focus on modeling the spatial and temporal patterns of human mobility, not paying much attention to the semantics of places, thus failing to model and enhance the understanding of the motivations behind people\u2019s mobility. In this paper, we applied a methodology for identifying individual users\u2019 routine locations and propose an approach for attaching semantic meaning to these locations. Specifically, we used circular sectors that correspond to cellular antennas\u2019 signal areas. In those areas, we found that all contained points of interest (POIs), extracted their most important attributes (opening hours, check-ins, category) and incorporated them into the classification. We conducted experiments with real-world data from Coimbra, Portugal, and the initial experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to infer activities in the user\u2019s routine areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11040228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:44:52Z","timestamp":1648590292000},"page":"228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification and Classification of Routine Locations Using Anonymized Mobile Communication Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Informatics and Systems (CISUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3692-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Informatics and Systems (CISUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra (ISEC), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5925-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Informatics and Systems (CISUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de Oliveira do Hospital (ESTGOH), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3285-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Informatics and Systems (CISUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06958","article-title":"Understanding Individual Human Mobility Patterns","volume":"453","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, Q., Sacharidis, D., Mathioudakis, M., and Wang, G. (2017, January 7\u201310). Inferring Venue Visits from GPS Trajectories. Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, Redondo Beach, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3139958.3140034"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proux, D., and Roulland, F. (2019, January 5\u20138). Mobile Recommendation Challenges within a Strong Privacy Oriented Paradigm. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Location-Based Recommendations, Geosocial Networks and Geoadvertising, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3356994.3365506"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Huang, J., Li, Y., Zhang, F., Xu, C., and He, T. (2014, January 7\u201311). Exploring Human Mobility with Multi-Source Data at Extremely Large Metropolitan Scales. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Maui, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639116"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/2412096.2412101","article-title":"Are Call Detail Records Biased for Sampling Human Mobility?","volume":"16","author":"Ranjan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Vanhoof, M., Reis, F., Smoreda, Z., and Ploetz, T. (2018). Detecting home locations from CDR data: Introducing spatial uncertainty to the state-of-the-art. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, H., Camacho, D., Tino, P., Tall\u00f3n-Ballesteros, A.J., Menezes, R., and Allmendinger, R. (2019). User Localization Based on Call Detail Record. Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning\u2014IDEAL 2019, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33607-3"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, P., Zhu, T., Wan, X., and Wang, X. (2014, January 10\u201312). Identifying Significant Places Using Multi-Day Call Detail Records. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 26th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2014.61"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyons, K., Hightower, J., and Huang, E.M. (2011). Identifying Important Places in People\u2019s Lives from Cellular Network Data. Pervasive Computing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21726-5"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quadri, C., Zignani, M., Gaito, S., and Rossi, G.P. (2018, January 1\u20133). On Non-Routine Places in Urban Human Mobility. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 5th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), Turin, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/DSAA.2018.00075"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2021.103018","article-title":"Using mobile phone data to determine spatial correlations between tourism facilities","volume":"92","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2012.11.040","article-title":"Exploring the mobility of mobile phone users","volume":"392","author":"Browet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hess, A., Marsh, I., and Gillblad, D. (2015, January 8\u201312). Exploring communication and mobility behavior of 3G network users and its temporal consistency. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), London, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2015.7249265"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenormand, M., Picornell, M., Cant\u00fa-Ros, O.G., Tugores, A., Louail, T., Herranz, R., Barthelemy, M., Fr\u00edas-Mart\u00ednez, E., and Ramasco, J.J. (2014). Cross-Checking Different Sources of Mobility Information. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105184"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, J., Ni, C.C., and Gao, J. (2017, January 7\u201310). Fighting Statistical Re-Identification in Human Trajectory Publication. Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, Redondo Beach, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3139958.3140045"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"961","article-title":"Secure Data Retention of Call Detail Records","volume":"5","author":"Vancea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., Dash, M., and Teo, S. (2021). PPTPF: Privacy-Preserving Trajectory Publication Framework for CDR Mobile Trajectories. ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10040224"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A. (2015). Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, IGI Global. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-5888-2"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salah, A.A., Gevers, T., Sebe, N., and Vinciarelli, A. (2010). Activity-Aware Map: Identifying Human Daily Activity Pattern Using Mobile Phone Data. Human Behavior Understanding, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14715-9_1"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Liu, J., Yeh, A.G.O., Yue, Y., and Li, W. (2015). The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem in Identifying Activity Centers Using Mobile Phone Positioning Data and Point of Interest Data. Advances in Spatial Data Handling and Analysis: Select Papers from the 16th IGU Spatial Data Handling Symposium, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19950-4_7"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.12.003","article-title":"On data processing required to derive mobility patterns from passively-generated mobile phone data","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1177\/0265813515600896","article-title":"Inferring individual daily activities from mobile phone traces: A Boston example","volume":"43","author":"Diao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. Plan. Des."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recognition of Functional Areas Based on Call Detail Records and Point of Interest Data","volume":"2020","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2021, February 13). Available online: https:\/\/www.portugal.gov.pt\/pt\/gc22\/governo\/comunicados-do-conselho-de-ministros?p=13."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, R., Cao, J., Zhang, L., and Lee, D. (May, January 29). Statistical Enrichment Models for Activity Inference from Imprecise Location Data. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2019-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737535"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade, R., Alves, A., and Bento, C. (2020). POI Mining for Land Use Classification: A Case Study. Int. J. Geo Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9090493"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iovan, C., Olteanu-Raimond, A.M., Couronn\u00e9, T., and Smoreda, Z. (2013). Moving and Calling: Mobile Phone Data Quality Measurements and Spatiotemporal Uncertainty in Human Mobility Studies. Geographic Information Science at the Heart of Europe, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-00615-4_14"}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/11\/4\/228\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:45:37Z","timestamp":1760136337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/11\/4\/228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi11040228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi11040228","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2220-9964"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]}}}