{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T03:06:35Z","timestamp":1768014395091,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["PD\/BD\/150589\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/150589\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents a methodology to estimate the maximum potential impact of a well-built and conserved cycling infrastructure, measured as modal share for accessibility trips, as well as the associated transport energy that can be saved in those trips. The methodology uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to estimate active trip probabilities, from which the output variables can be obtained. It was applied to a case study of a mid-sized city in Southern Europe, and results show that an adequate cycling infrastructure can achieve cycling mode share in that city on par with the world\u2019s most cycling-friendly cities. Concerning transport energy, a full-cycling scenario is estimated to reduce fossil energy intensity by approximately 20%, mainly by inducing a mode change for residents on the closest outskirts. It is also argued that cycling investment in commuting routes will have the most impact on reducing fossil transport energy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12020048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T03:24:49Z","timestamp":1675308289000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Potential Impact of Cycling on Urban Transport Energy and Modal Share: A GIS-Based Methodology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1664-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment (CITTA), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2681-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Aberta, 1269-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6213-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Natividade-Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9311-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Coutinho-Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10923","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3097240","article-title":"Short-Term Forecast of Bicycle Usage in Bike Sharing Systems: A Spatial-Temporal Memory Network","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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