{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:13:29Z","timestamp":1776179609153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Portuguese funding agency, FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DSAIPA\/DS\/0090\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DSAIPA\/DS\/0090\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Road traffic accidents are a major concern for modern society with a high toll on human life and involve hard to account economic consequences. New knowledge can be obtained from combining GIS tools with machine learning and artificial intelligence, developing what is, in this work, identified as spatial intelligence. This approach is tested in a case study of Set\u00fabal district, Portugal, for the period of 2016 to 2019. Departing from a heatmap analysis, and applying kernel density estimation, new spatial approaches were used, namely DBSCAN and Getis-Ord. The results obtained allowed the identification of novel meaningful locations of road traffic accidents. Consequently, the knowledge built from the underlying patterns is considered the key to developing new strategies to solve this modern social curse. The methodology proposed in this study demonstrates that the combination of expertise built from the different spatial analyses can provide a better understanding of the determinants of road traffic accidents. This approach is expected to be valuable for data analysts and decision-makers, contributing to diminishing human losses related to road traffic accidents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12030093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T04:13:16Z","timestamp":1677471196000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Learning from Accidents: Spatial Intelligence Applied to Road Accidents with Insights from a Case Study in Set\u00fabal District, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Portugal and Earth Sciences Institute-P\u00f3lo de \u00c9vora, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6702-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Institute-P\u00f3lo de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1644-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Research Center in Mathematics and Applications, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0793-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Algoritmi Research Centre, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Mathematics and Applications, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5517-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Research Center in Mathematics and Applications, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Research Center in Mathematics and Applications, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5086-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Quaresma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Algoritmi Research Centre, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3025-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Saias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Algoritmi Research Centre, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9906-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4162-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Gois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Arts and Design, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, November 22). 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