{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:40:26Z","timestamp":1774399226706,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MONTEVITIS project \u201cIntegrating a comprehensive European approach for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Montenegro viticulture\u201d","award":["n\u00ba 101059461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ba 101059461"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe\u2014the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2021\u20132027)","award":["n\u00ba 101059461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ba 101059461"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Montenegrin climate is characterised as very heterogeneous due to its complex topography. The viticultural heritage, dating back to before the Roman empire, is settled in a Mediterranean climate region, located south of the capital Podgorica, where climate conditions favour red wine production. However, an overall increase in warmer and drier periods affects traditional viticulture. The present study aims to discuss climate change impacts on Montenegrin viticulture. Bioclimatic indices, ensembled from five climate models, were analysed for both historical (1981\u20132010) and future (2041\u20132070) periods upon three socio-economic pathways: SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. CHELSA (\u22481 km) was the selected dataset for this analysis. Obtained results for all scenarios have shown the suppression of baseline conditions for viticulture. The average summer temperature might reach around 29.5 \u00b0C, and the growing season average temperature could become higher than 23.5 \u00b0C, advancing phenological events. The Winkler index is estimated to range from 2900 \u00b0C up to 3100 \u00b0C, which is too hot for viticulture. Montenegrin viticulture requires the application of adaptation measures focused on reducing temperature-increase impacts. The implementation of adaptation measures shall start in the coming years, to assure the lasting productivity and sustainability of viticulture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi13080270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1722353123000},"page":"270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Challenges to Viticulture in Montenegro under Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6671-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Kova\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Donja Gorica, Oktoih 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7946-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6792-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"\u0160u\u0107ur Radonji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology, University of Donja Gorica, Oktoih 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-4466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Simeunovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Donja Gorica, Oktoih 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3947-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kruna","family":"Ratkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Donja Gorica, Oktoih 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5127-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Menz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) e. V., Telegrafenberg A 31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2193-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"Costafreda-Aumedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of BioEconomy, Italian National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.01.112","article-title":"Trends in Scientific Research on Climate Change in Agriculture and Forestry Subject Areas (2005\u20132014)","volume":"147","author":"Aleixandre","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.09.007","article-title":"Impact of Climate Change on Human Infectious Diseases: Empirical Evidence and Human Adaptation","volume":"86","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/14786449608620846","article-title":"On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground","volume":"41","author":"Arrhenius","year":"1896","journal-title":"Philos. Mag. J. 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