{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:53:16Z","timestamp":1778345596720,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,12]],"date-time":"2017-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silver nanoparticles have been shown to possess considerable antibacterial activity, but in vivo applications have been limited due to the inherent, but low, toxicity of silver. On the other hand, silver nanoparticles could provide cutaneous protection against infection, due to their ability to liberate silver ions via a slow release mechanism, and their broad-spectrum antimicrobial action. Thus, in this work, we describe the development of a carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel containing silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared in the hydrogel in situ, utilizing two variants of cashew gum as a capping agent, and sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. This gum is non-toxic and comes from a renewable natural source. The particles and gel were thoroughly characterized through using rheological measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, nanoparticles tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEM). Antibacterial tests were carried out, confirming antimicrobial action of the silver nanoparticle-loaded gels. Furthermore, rat wound-healing models were used and demonstrated that the gels exhibited improved wound healing when compared to the base hydrogel as a control. Thus, these gels are proposed as excellent candidates for use as wound-healing treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T11:12:36Z","timestamp":1510571556000},"page":"2399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in a Hydrogel of Carboxymethyl Cellulose with Phthalated-Cashew Gum as a Promising Antibacterial and Healing Agent"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Lustosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity Research and Biotechnology, Biotec, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Av. S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, 2819, Reis Veloso, 64202-020 Parna\u00edba-PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nia","family":"De Jesus Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity Research and Biotechnology, Biotec, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Av. S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, 2819, Reis Veloso, 64202-020 Parna\u00edba-PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9729-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Quelemes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity Research and Biotechnology, Biotec, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Av. S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, 2819, Reis Veloso, 64202-020 Parna\u00edba-PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Pl\u00e1cido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Superior Engineering Institute of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francilene","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Reserarch Center, NPPM, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Campus Ministro Petr\u00f4nio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina- PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Irisdalva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Reserarch Center, NPPM, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Campus Ministro Petr\u00f4nio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina- PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"De Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1788-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriany","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity Research and Biotechnology, Biotec, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Av. S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, 2819, Reis Veloso, 64202-020 Parna\u00edba-PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Superior Engineering Institute of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Reserarch Center, NPPM, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Campus Ministro Petr\u00f4nio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina- PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Durcilene","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity Research and Biotechnology, Biotec, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Av. S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, 2819, Reis Veloso, 64202-020 Parna\u00edba-PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1821-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity Research and Biotechnology, Biotec, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Av. S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, 2819, Reis Veloso, 64202-020 Parna\u00edba-PI, Brazil"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1096-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"De Almeida Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity Research and Biotechnology, Biotec, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Av. S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, 2819, Reis Veloso, 64202-020 Parna\u00edba-PI, Brazil"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Area Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), University campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Bras\u00edlia-DF, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials","volume":"27","author":"Rai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.9941","article-title":"History of the medical use of silver","volume":"10","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg. 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