{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:50:43Z","timestamp":1775541043890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":327,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aloe genus plants, distributed in Old World, are widely known and have been used for centuries as topical and oral therapeutic agents due to their health, beauty, medicinal, and skin care properties. Among the well-investigated Aloe species are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox, and A. vera. Today, they account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used in primary health treatment, where they play a pivotal role in the treatment of various types of diseases via the modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways, besides being a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In the present review, we summarized the recent advances in botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical uses, food preservation, and the preclinical and clinical efficacy of Aloe plants. These data will be helpful to provide future directions for the industrial and medicinal use of Aloe plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T10:50:31Z","timestamp":1537354231000},"page":"2843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahare","family":"Salehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran"}]},{"given":"Sevil","family":"Albayrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Antolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171\/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Kr\u0119giel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171\/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Pawlikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171\/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Sharifi-Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2654-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadav","family":"Uprety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, P.O. Box 1030 Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick Valere","family":"Tsouh Fokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Ngoa Ekelle, Annex Fac. Sci, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon"}]},{"given":"Zubaida","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Zainul","family":"Amiruddin Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"},{"name":"Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3 Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7287-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Maria","family":"Varoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, via Beldiletto 1\/3, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0378-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farukh","family":"Sharopov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Sharifi-Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2985\/1070-0048(2007)13[38:TGAAAI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The genus ALOE (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) in namaqualand, South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Klopper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haseltonia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.44785","article-title":"Aloe vera: A short review","volume":"53","author":"Surjushe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500600614303","article-title":"An evaluation of the biological and toxicological properties of Aloe Barbadensis (miller), Aloe vera","volume":"24","author":"Boudreau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health C"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.162118","article-title":"Aloe vera: Potential candidate in health management via modulation of biological activities","volume":"9","author":"Rahmani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2014.10.006","article-title":"Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Radha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-2858-3-5","article-title":"Antibacterial activities and antioxidant capacity of Aloe vera","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Org. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"ZC41","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of Aloe vera gel against oral pathogens: An in-vitro study","volume":"10","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.97949","article-title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Aloe vera and its effectiveness in decontaminating gutta percha cones","volume":"15","author":"Athiban","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Conservat. Dent."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs275","article-title":"Clear evidence of carcinogenic activity by a whole-leaf extract of aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe vera) in F344\/n rats","volume":"131","author":"Boudreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"9","article-title":"Aloe vera gel research review: An overview of its clinical uses and proposed mechanisms of action","volume":"4","author":"Grundmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"4","article-title":"Clinical trial of Aloe vera linn. For treatment of minor burns","volume":"43","author":"Thamlikitkul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Siriraj Med. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2016.11.026","article-title":"Effects of zeolite and water stress on growth, yield and chemical compositions of Aloe vera L.","volume":"181","author":"Hazrati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"An updated overview on Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F","volume":"6","author":"Datta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Aromat. Plant Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3882","DOI":"10.1021\/jf060168p","article-title":"Use of Aloe vera gel coating preserves the functional properties of table grapes","volume":"54","author":"Serrano","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0229-z","article-title":"Processing, food applications and safety of Aloe vera products: A review","volume":"48","author":"Ahlawat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"73","article-title":"The genus aloe in south africa with special reference to Aloe hereroensis","volume":"75","year":"1989","journal-title":"Veld Flora"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.1999.5.121","article-title":"Wild aloe harvesting in South Africa","volume":"5","author":"Sachedina","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"101","article-title":"The ecology of the aloes of zimbabwe","volume":"17","author":"Jordan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Excelsa"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"41","article-title":"Aloes from seed","volume":"59","author":"Giddy","year":"1973","journal-title":"Veld Flora"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"29","article-title":"Toxic soils and Aloe colours","volume":"86","author":"Cloete","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veld Flora"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Lloyd, J.U. (1898). Aloe succotrina, The Western Druggist."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12231-009-9082-7","article-title":"Documented utility and biocultural value of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae): A review","volume":"63","author":"Grace","year":"2009","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2007.00310.x","article-title":"Facilitative effects of aloe shrubs on grass establishment, growth, and reproduction in degraded kenyan rangelands: Implications for restoration","volume":"16","author":"King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(92)90063-6","article-title":"Establishment of Aloe greatheadii var. Davyana from seed for use in reclamation trials","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-012-9745-7","article-title":"Dietary Aloe vera components\u2019 effects on cholesterol lowering and estrogenic responses in juvenile goldfish, Carassius auratus","volume":"39","author":"Palermo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cock, I. (2015). The genus aloe: Phytochemistry and therapeutic uses including treatments for gastrointestinal conditions and chronic inflammation. Novel Natural Products: Therapeutic Effects in Pain, Arthritis and Gastro-Intestinal Diseases, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-0927-6_6"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynolds, T. (2004). Aloes: The Genus Aloe, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203476345"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(99)00129-5","article-title":"The distribution of the phenolic metabolites barbaloin, aloeresin and aloenin as a peripheral defense strategy in the succulent leaf parts of aloe arborescens","volume":"28","author":"Gutterman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.2174\/1385272003375932","article-title":"Chemistry of aloe species","volume":"4","author":"Dagne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13081599","article-title":"Composition and applications of Aloe vera leaf gel","volume":"13","author":"Hamman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"466","article-title":"Aloe vera their chemicals composition and applications: A review","volume":"2","author":"Res","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(98)00163-5","article-title":"Compositional features of polysaccharides from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) plant tissues","volume":"39","author":"Femenia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(00)00024-7","article-title":"The occurrence and taxonomic distribution of the anthrones aloin, aloinoside and microdontin in aloe","volume":"29","author":"Viljoen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(00)00018-1","article-title":"The chemotaxonomic significance of the phenyl pyrone aloenin in the genus aloe","volume":"28","author":"Viljoen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2016.01.009","article-title":"In vivo diabetic wound healing effect and HPLC\u2013DAD\u2013ESI\u2013MS\/MS profiling of the methanol extracts of eight aloe species","volume":"26","author":"Ezzat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(98)00111-2","article-title":"Plicataloside in aloe\u2014A chemotaxonomic appraisal","volume":"27","author":"Viljoen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00235-X","article-title":"Isolation and identification of a phenolic antioxidant from aloe barbadensis","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)84578-1","article-title":"Anthraquinone, anthrone and phenylpyrone components of Aloe nyeriensis var. Kedongensis leaf exudate","volume":"26","author":"Conner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(96)00302-0","article-title":"Aloeresins E and F, two chromone derivatives from Aloe peglerae","volume":"43","author":"Viljoen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"83","article-title":"The phytochemical profile and identification of main phenolic compounds from the leaf exudate of aloe secundiflora by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy","volume":"14","author":"Rebecca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal. Int. J. Plant Chem. Biochem. Techn."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1234","article-title":"Molecular biology, phytochemistry and bioactivity of three endemic Aloe species from Mauritius and R\u00e9union islands","volume":"21","author":"Lavergne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587217698292","article-title":"Variation in phytochemical composition reveals distinct divergence of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. From other aloe species: Rationale behind selective preference of Aloe vera in nutritional and therapeutic use","volume":"22","author":"Dey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"7289","article-title":"Isolation of volatile compounds of Aloe excelsa (Berger)","volume":"9","author":"Coopoosamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6891","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071110t","article-title":"Aloe ferox leaf gel phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and possible health benefits","volume":"55","author":"Loots","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4827","article-title":"Evaluation of bioactive potential of an Aloe vera sterol extract","volume":"27","author":"Bawankar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00984910","article-title":"Distribution and chemotaxonomic significance of flavonoids inaloe (Asphodelaceae)","volume":"211","author":"Viljoen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2017.10.010","article-title":"Medicinal mascarene aloes: An audit of their phytotherapeutic potential","volume":"124","author":"Lobine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"13","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of ethanolic gel extract of Aloe adigratana reynolds","volume":"12","author":"Chaithanya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.08.034","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents and in vitro radical scavenging activity of different aloe species","volume":"170","author":"Lucini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisi-Johnson, M.A., Obi, C.L., Samuel, B.B., Eloff, J.N., and Okoh, A.I. (2017). Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of some South African medicinal plants against multidrug resistant etiological agents of diarrhoea. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1802-4"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11222","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3026309","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) in different growth stages","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.08.027","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Aloe barbadensis miller and their inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterase-4D","volume":"91","author":"Zhong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2013.02.034","article-title":"Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in Aloe barbadensis mill by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry-ion trap-time-of-flight and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector","volume":"80","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"255","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against oral flora","volume":"1","author":"Gauniyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5204","article-title":"Phytochemistry and antileishmanial activity of the leaf latex of aloe calidophila reynolds","volume":"28","author":"Abeje","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200490902581","article-title":"Bioactive compounds isolated from Aloe ferox.: A plant traditionally used for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections in the eastern cape, South Africa","volume":"42","author":"Kambizi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60659","article-title":"Chemical constituents of cape aloe and their synergistic growth-inhibiting effect on ehrlich ascites tumor cells","volume":"71","author":"Kametani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.11.015","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of medicinal plants used for pain-related ailments in South Africa","volume":"127","author":"Fawole","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.90414","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the whole leaf extract of Aloe ferox mill","volume":"7","author":"Wintola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"58","article-title":"Chemical components from Aloe and their inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00328-9","article-title":"Chromones and anthrones from Aloe marlothii and Aloe rupestris","volume":"55","author":"Bisrat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600711024","article-title":"Antibradykinin active material in aloe saponaria","volume":"71","author":"Yagi","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"949","article-title":"A new antimicrobial anthrone from the leaf latex of Aloe trichosantha","volume":"9","author":"Oumer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-10-30","article-title":"In vitro study of the PLA2 inhibition and antioxidant activities of Aloe vera leaf skin extracts","volume":"10","author":"Kammoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Yadav, A., Yadav, M., and Yadav, J.P. (2017). Effect of climate change on phytochemical diversity, total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. BMC Res. Notes, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2385-3"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"120","article-title":"The chemical constituents of Aloe vera L.","volume":"35","author":"Xiao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822009000400023","article-title":"Isolation, purification and evaluation of antibacterial agents from Aloe vera","volume":"40","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdissa, D., Geleta, G., Bacha, K., and Abdissa, N. (2017). Phytochemical investigation of aloe pulcherrima roots and evaluation for its antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173882"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdissa, N., Gohlke, S., Frese, M., and Sewald, N. (2017). Cytotoxic compounds from aloe megalacantha. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071136"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"144","article-title":"Phytochemistry and toxicity studies of aqueous and methanol extract of naturally growing and cultivated Aloe turkanensis","volume":"3","author":"Muthii","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.05.037","article-title":"Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and mutagenic investigation of the south african tree aloe (Aloe barberae)","volume":"124","author":"Ndhlala","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1977-9-1010","article-title":"Biologically active constituents of leaves and roots of Aloe arborescens var. Natalensis","volume":"32","author":"Hirata","year":"1977","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.1418","article-title":"Identification of five phytosterols from Aloe vera gel as anti-diabetic compounds","volume":"29","author":"Tanaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204465j","article-title":"Oral ingestion of Aloe vera phytosterols alters hepatic gene expression profiles and ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic disorders in zucker diabetic fatty rats","volume":"60","author":"Misawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1021\/jf001036d","article-title":"Characterization of aloeride, a new high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Aloe vera with potent immunostimulatory activity","volume":"49","author":"Pugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(96)01476-6","article-title":"Antiinflammatory activity of extracts from Aloe vera gel","volume":"55","author":"Avila","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00252-1","article-title":"6\u2032-O-coumaroylaloesin from Aloe castanea\u2014A taxonomic marker for aloe section anguialoe","volume":"55","author":"Viljoen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1021\/np970368i","article-title":"10-hydroxyaloin B 6\u2032-O-acetate, an oxanthrone from Aloe claviflora","volume":"61","author":"Dagne","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of aloe emodin and aloin a isolated from Aloe excelsa","volume":"5","author":"Coopoosamy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"1738","article-title":"In-vitro studies on lectin derivatives of Aloe excelsa (Berger)","volume":"4","author":"Coopoosamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)89030-9","article-title":"Feroxidin, a novel 1-methyltetralin derivative isolated from Cape Aloe","volume":"31","author":"Speranza","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(86)80095-4","article-title":"A c-glucosylated 5-methylchromone from kenya Aloe","volume":"25","author":"Speranza","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(93)85417-P","article-title":"Feralolide, a dihydroisocoumarin from cape aloe","volume":"33","author":"Speranza","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89546-1","article-title":"Naphtho [2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione and its derivatives from Aloe ferox","volume":"37","author":"Koyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(96)00710-8","article-title":"Anthrones from Aloe microstigma","volume":"44","author":"Dagne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(89)80392-9","article-title":"Anthracene and chromone derivatives in the exudate of Aloe rabaiensis","volume":"28","author":"Conner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(00)00239-2","article-title":"Constituents of Aloe rubroviolacea","volume":"72","author":"Blitzke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00269-7","article-title":"A chlorinated amide and piperidine alkaloids from Aloe sabaea","volume":"55","author":"Blitzke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"11","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera","volume":"1","author":"Kedarnath","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Res. J. Med. Aromat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(92)83149-S","article-title":"Aloechrysone, a dihydroanthracenone from Aloe berhana","volume":"31","author":"Dagne","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.22.1159","article-title":"Studies on the constituents of Aloe sapnaria haw. I. The structures of tetrahydroanthracene derivatives and the related anthraquinones","volume":"22","author":"Yagi","year":"1974","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"723","article-title":"In vitro anti-proliferative activities of Aloe perryi flowers extract on human liver, colon, breast, lung, prostate and epithelial cancer cell lines","volume":"29","author":"Farshori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802242851","article-title":"New bioactive compounds from Aloe hijazensis","volume":"23","author":"Shaaban","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00268-X","article-title":"Radical-scavenging effects of Aloe arborescens miller on prevention of pancreatic islet B-cell destruction in rats","volume":"89","author":"Beppu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.09.096","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of Aloe spp. In traditional and modern medicine: A review","volume":"84","author":"Akaberi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-018-1009-6","article-title":"Factors contributing to the decline of traditional practices in communities from the gwallek\u2013kedar area, kailash sacred landscape, Nepal","volume":"61","author":"Atreya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3126\/njbs.v1i0.7479","article-title":"Indigenous uses of some medicinal plants in panchthar district, Nepal","volume":"1","author":"Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nepalese J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"2","article-title":"Ethno-medicinal practices among the Limbu community in Limbuwan, Eastern Nepal","volume":"13","author":"Limbu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global J. Hum. Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3126\/sw.v10i10.6863","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of resunga hill used by magar community of badagaun VDC, gulmi district, Nepal","volume":"10","author":"Acharya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"323","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal uses of plants among the satar tribe of Nepal","volume":"24","author":"Siwakoti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Econ. Taxon. Bot."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"124","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic effect of various medicinal plants of sikkim himalayas\u2014A review","volume":"1","author":"Pradhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Phytochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"820","article-title":"Aloe vera: A potential herb used as traditional medicine by tribal people of kondagatu and purudu of karimnagar district, telangana state, India. And their preparative methods","volume":"4","author":"Sushen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"65","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal use of plants in rai community of maimajuwa and puwamajuwa VDCS of Ilam District, Eastern Nepal","volume":"34","author":"Parajuli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Dept. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"50","article-title":"Indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants: Maipokhari, Maimajhuwa and mabu VDCS of Ilam District, Eastern Nepal","volume":"35","author":"Parajuli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dept. Plant Resour. Nepal."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3126\/on.v2i1.321","article-title":"Medicinal plants used by meche people of Jhapa District, Eastern Nepal","volume":"2","author":"Rai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Our Nat."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"352","article-title":"Collection and conservation of major medicinal pants of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas","volume":"6","author":"Hussain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Tradit. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"355","article-title":"Plants used in healthcare practices by limboo tribe in south\u2013west of khangchendzonga biosphere reserve, Sikkim, India","volume":"12","author":"Badola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Tradit. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3126\/banko.v19i1.2178","article-title":"Medicinal plants of nepal: Distribution pattern along an elevational gradient and effectiveness of existing protected areas for their conservation","volume":"19","author":"Acharya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Banko Janakari"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3126\/on.v11i2.9645","article-title":"Medicinal plants used by raji ethnic tribe of Nepal in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"11","author":"Thapa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Our Nat."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.01.039","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal knowledge and healthcare practices among the tharus of nawalparasi district in central Nepal","volume":"257","author":"Ghimire","year":"2009","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Manandhar, N. (2002). Plants and People of Nepal, Timber Press."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"243","article-title":"Folk herbal remedies for diarrhoea and dysentery in central Nepal","volume":"64","author":"Bhattarai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fitoterapia Milano"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-8-19","article-title":"An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in terai forest of western Nepal","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3126\/on.v4i1.508","article-title":"Ethno-medicinal plants used by bantar of Bhaudaha, Morang, Nepal","volume":"4","author":"Acharya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Our Nat."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00059-4","article-title":"Medicinal plants of india with anti-diabetic potential","volume":"81","author":"Grover","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.10.014","article-title":"Ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners in the management of diabetes in lower eastern province, Kenya","volume":"139","author":"Keter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.09.011","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in South-Eastern Morocco (Errachidia province)","volume":"110","author":"Tahraoui","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00051-8","article-title":"Medical ethnobotany of the zapotecs of the isthmus-sierra (Oaxaca, Mexico): Documentation and assessment of indigenous uses","volume":"62","author":"Frei","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500600621511","article-title":"Use of traditional medicine by HIV-infected individuals in south africa in the era of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"12","author":"Babb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Anil Kumar, N.V., \u015eener, B., Sharifi-Rad, M., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, M., Mahady, G.B., Vlaisavljevic, S., Iriti, M., Kobarfard, F., and Setzer, W.N. (2018). Medicinal plants used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051459"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.002","article-title":"Traditional plant use in the areas of monte vesole and ascea, cilento national park (Campania, Southern Italy)","volume":"97","author":"Scherrer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-7-10","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plant use by traditional healers in oshikoto region, Namibia","volume":"7","author":"Cheikhyoussef","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1663\/0013-0001(2005)059[0043:PBAEOB]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Plant biodiversity and ethnobotany of borana pastoralists in Southern Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"59","author":"Maass","year":"2005","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.11","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of some Lamiaceae species against Staphylococcus aureus in yoghurt-based drink (Doogh)","volume":"64","author":"Abdolshahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-Grand, France)"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.5","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and health benefits of edible Rumex species\u2014A review","volume":"64","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-Grand, France)"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.4","article-title":"Pullulan gum production from low-quality fig syrup using Aureobasidium pullulans","volume":"64","author":"Marvdashti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.6","article-title":"Satyrium nepalense, a high altitude medicinal orchid of indian himalayan region: Chemical profile and biological activities of tuber extracts","volume":"64","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-Grand, France)"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.8","article-title":"Veronica persica Poir. Extract\u2014Antibacterial, antifungal and scolicidal activities, and inhibitory potential on Acetylcholinesterase, Tyrosinase, Lipoxygenase and Xanthine oxidase","volume":"64","author":"Tayeboon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-Grand, France)"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, M., Fokou, P., Sharopov, F., Martorell, M., Ademiluyi, A., Rajkovic, J., Salehi, B., Martins, N., Iriti, M., and Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018). Antiulcer agents: From plant extracts to phytochemicals in healing promotion. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23071751"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, M., Varoni, E.M., Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, J., Matthews, K.R., Ayatollahi, S.A., Kobarfard, F., Ibrahim, S.A., Mnayer, D., and Zakaria, Z.A. (2017). Plants of the genus Zingiber as a source of bioactive phytochemicals: From tradition to pharmacy. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201711.0102.v1"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.08.008","article-title":"Salvia spp. Plants-from farm to food applications and phytopharmacotherapy","volume":"80","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.07.030","article-title":"Nepeta species: From farm to food applications and phytotherapy","volume":"80","author":"Salehi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2016.12.005","article-title":"Aloe vera: Ancient knowledge with new frontiers","volume":"61","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.03.022","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties and phenolic contents of medicinal plants used by the venda people for conditions related to venereal diseases","volume":"135","author":"Mulaudzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.08.034","article-title":"Aloe vera: A multipurpose industrial crop","volume":"94","author":"Baruah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.1137-1139.2003","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of shigella flexneri and streptococcus pyogenes to inner gel of Aloe barbadensis miller","volume":"47","author":"Ferro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.35652\/IGJPS.2011.18","article-title":"Screening of antimicrobial activity of alcoholic & aqueous extract of some indigenous plants","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indo-Global J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s40858-017-0153-5","article-title":"Emulsions of essential oils and Aloe polysaccharides: Antimicrobial activity and resistance inducer potential against Xanthomonas fragariae","volume":"42","author":"Luiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"99","article-title":"Investigation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera juice","volume":"8","author":"Alemdar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2017.603.246","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller)","volume":"6","author":"Dharajiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2011.09.001","article-title":"Cape aloes\u2014A review of the phytochemistry, pharmacology and commercialisation of Aloe ferox","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"298","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of Aloe vera sap and leaves using different extracts","volume":"6","author":"Abakar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"ZC50","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of six indian plant extracts against streptococcus mutans","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2005.09.006","article-title":"Postharvest sweet cherry quality and safety maintenance by Aloe vera treatment: A new edible coating","volume":"39","author":"Alburquerque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957399","article-title":"Aloe-emodin effects on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity in the bacterium helicobacter pylori","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12241","article-title":"In vitro activity of a loe vera inner gel against h elicobacter pylori strains","volume":"59","author":"Cellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kargaran, M., Moradabadi, A.R., Arjomandzadegan, M., Hosseini, H., Habibi, G., Tayeboon, M., Karami, H., and Akbari, A. (2017). Effects of the aqueous extract of Aloe vera on the morphological and physiological properties of E. coli. Iran. Red Crescent Med. J., 19.","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.23896"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2010.09.010","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of novel protein with anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory properties from Aloe vera leaf gel","volume":"48","author":"Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9764650","article-title":"Effect of gelatin-based edible coatings incorporated with Aloe vera and black and green tea extracts on the shelf life of fresh-cut oranges","volume":"2017","author":"Radi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2010.02235.x","article-title":"Physiochemical and antimicrobial properties of edible aloe\/gelatin composite films","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2013.02.009","article-title":"Aloe vera based edible coatings improve the quality of minimally processed \u2018hayward\u2019kiwifruit","volume":"81","author":"Achaerandio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.11.036","article-title":"Aloe vera as an alternative to traditional edible coatings used in fresh-cut fruits: A case of study with kiwifruit slices","volume":"61","author":"Achaerandio","year":"2015","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2015.11.019","article-title":"Aloe vera and ascorbic acid coatings maintain postharvest quality and reduce microbial load of strawberry fruit","volume":"114","author":"Sogvar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-5214(94)00051-S","article-title":"Aloe vera gel activity against plant pathogenic fungi","volume":"6","author":"Saks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2004.01.002","article-title":"Antifungal activity in vitro of Aloe vera pulp and liquid fraction against plant pathogenic fungi","volume":"21","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2010.04.006","article-title":"Antifungal efficacy of Aloe vera in vitro and its use as a preharvest treatment to maintain postharvest table grape quality","volume":"57","author":"Castillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2017.05.023","article-title":"Antifungal starch-based edible films containing Aloe vera","volume":"72","author":"Santamarina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.009","article-title":"Reduction of nectarine decay caused by rhizopus stolonifer, botrytis cinerea and penicillium digitatum with Aloe vera gel alone or with the addition of thymol","volume":"151","author":"Navarro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2016.01.011","article-title":"Effect of chitosan\u2014Aloe vera coating on postharvest quality of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) fruit","volume":"116","author":"Vieira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.06.002","article-title":"Characterisation of gels from different aloe spp. As antifungal treatment: Potential crops for industrial applications","volume":"42","author":"Zapata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3923\/rjmp.2011.196.200","article-title":"Antifungal activity of some extractives and constituents of Aloe vera","volume":"5","author":"Nidiry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. J. Med. Plant"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2013.06.022","article-title":"Aloe vera gel coating maintains quality and safety of ready-to-eat pomegranate arils","volume":"86","author":"Castillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2014.06.015","article-title":"The efficacy of combined application of edible coatings and thyme oil in inducing resistance components in Avocado (Persea americana mill.) against anthracnose during post-harvest storage","volume":"64","author":"Bill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_164","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Antifungal activity of Aloe vera gel against plant pathogenic fungi","volume":"43","author":"Sitara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.07.049","article-title":"Effect of Aloe vera gel coating on antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activities and decay in Raspberry fruit","volume":"60","author":"Hassanpour","year":"2015","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"83","article-title":"Enhancement of storage life and quality maintenance of papaya fruits using Aloe vera based antimicrobial coating","volume":"10","author":"Marpudi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7807","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050962v","article-title":"Novel edible coating based on Aloe vera gel to maintain table grape quality and safety","volume":"53","author":"Valverde","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_168","first-page":"39","article-title":"Effects of edible coatings from Aloe vera gel on quality and postharvest physiology of Ananas comosus L. Fruit during ambient storage","volume":"12","author":"Adetunji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global J. Sci. Front. Res. Biotech Gene."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-013-1035-6","article-title":"Shellac and Aloe vera gel based surface coating for shelf life extension of tomatoes","volume":"52","author":"Chauhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6299(15)30444-0","article-title":"In vitro antifungal activity of some South African medicinal plants","volume":"68","author":"Afolayan","year":"2002","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3923\/jps.2006.348.355","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf gel","volume":"1","author":"Subramanian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2006.11.008","article-title":"Antifungal activity of Aloe vera leaves","volume":"78","author":"Parvu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Comparative antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera gel and leaf","volume":"4","author":"Olaleye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashemi, S.A., Madani, S.A., and Abediankenari, S. (2015). The review on properties of Aloe vera in healing of cutaneous wounds. BioMed. Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/714216"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2012.45.3.170","article-title":"Aloe vera gel and thyroid hormone cream may improve wound healing in wistar rats","volume":"45","author":"Tarameshloo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.04.013","article-title":"Macrophage activation by polysaccharide biological response modifier isolated from Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis (HAW.) berg","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_177","first-page":"646","article-title":"Biological activity of Aloe vera","volume":"119","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sofw J."},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"290","article-title":"The biological activities of mannans and related complex carbohydrates","volume":"1","author":"Tizard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Biother."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3923\/ajb.2006.178.185","article-title":"Wound healing potential of Aloe vera leaf gel studied in experimental rabbits","volume":"1","author":"Subramanian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3736\/jcim20100310","article-title":"Influence of aloe polysaccharide on proliferation and hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline secretion of human fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chin. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_181","first-page":"85","article-title":"Aloe vera in dermatology: A brief review","volume":"144","author":"Feily","year":"2009","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia: Organo Ufficiale, Societa Italiana di Dermatologia e Sifilografia"},{"key":"ref_182","first-page":"201","article-title":"Effects of acemannan, a complex carbohydrate, on wound-healing in young and aged rats","volume":"6","author":"Tizard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Wounds-A Compend. Clin. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00085-9","article-title":"Aloe vera leaf gel: A review update","volume":"68","author":"Reynolds","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04410.x","article-title":"The wound-healing effect of a glycoprotein fraction isolated from Aloe vera","volume":"145","author":"Choi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brit. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.013","article-title":"Promotion proliferation effect of a polysaccharide from aloe barbadensis miller on human fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"45","author":"Yao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_186","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Pharmacology and phytochemistry of saponin isolated from Aloe vera for wound healing activity","volume":"21","author":"Rajput","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.03.024","article-title":"An analysis of the influence of growth periods on physical appearance, and acemannan and elemental distribution of Aloe vera L. Gel","volume":"48","author":"Ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.117864","article-title":"Modulation of drug efflux by aloe materials: An in vitro investigation across rat intestinal tissue","volume":"9","author":"Carien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.17.651","article-title":"Studies of aloe. V. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (4)","volume":"17","author":"Ishii","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"106","article-title":"Pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of Aloe vera linn an overview","volume":"4","author":"Joseph","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772007","article-title":"Synergistic effects of anthraquinones of the purgative activity of rhein anthrone in mice","volume":"51","author":"Yagi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2013.48086","article-title":"Therapeutic and medicinal uses of Aloe vera: A review","volume":"4","author":"Sahu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200701215307","article-title":"Medicinal applications and toxicological activities of aloe. Products","volume":"45","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wintola, O.A., Sunmonu, T.O., and Afolayan, A.J. (2010). The effect of aloe ferox mill. In the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in wistar rats. BMC Gastroenterol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-95"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.9.3887","article-title":"Effects of aloe-emodin and emodin on proliferation of the MKN45 human gastric cancer cell line","volume":"16","author":"Chihara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"909","article-title":"Effects of aloe-emodin on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823","volume":"41","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anat. Sin."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1186\/ar116","article-title":"Pharmacological basis for the therapy of pain and inflammation with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"2","author":"Steinmeyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.01.036","article-title":"Unraveling the medicinal potential of South African aloe species","volume":"153","author":"Amoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.061","article-title":"Inhibition of coxs and 5-LOX and activation of ppars by australian clematis species (Ranunculaceae)","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.80714","article-title":"Evaluation of aloin and aloe-emodin as anti-inflammatory agents in aloe by using murine macrophages","volume":"73","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2004.09.031","article-title":"Identification of optimal molecular size of modified Aloe polysaccharides with maximum immunomodulatory activity","volume":"5","author":"Im","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6299(15)30439-7","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity of aloe species","volume":"68","author":"Lindsey","year":"2002","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0773.2000.pto870507.x","article-title":"Aloe-emodin quinone pretreatment reduces acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride","volume":"87","author":"Arosio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_204","first-page":"239","article-title":"Effects of Aloe vera on leukocyte adhesion and TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels in burn wounded rats","volume":"29","author":"Duansak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2011.06.008","article-title":"Effects of chitosan molecular weight and degree of deacetylation on the properties of gelatine-based films","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2005.11.022","article-title":"Novel bioactive maloyl glucans from Aloe vera gel: Isolation, structure elucidation and in vitro bioassays","volume":"341","author":"Esua","year":"2006","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960007","article-title":"Isolation of a human intestinal bacterium capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone1","volume":"57","author":"Che","year":"1991","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-72-6-275","article-title":"The evaluation of natural substances in the treatment of adjuvant arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Hanley","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.09.006","article-title":"Probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and Aloe vera gel improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats","volume":"29","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_210","first-page":"333","article-title":"The protective effect of Aloe vera juice on lindane induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity","volume":"19","author":"Etim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5483","article-title":"A systemic review on aloe arborescens pharmacological profile: Biological activities and pilot clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"Singab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.02.004","article-title":"Evaluation of radioprotective efficacy and possible mechanism of action of aloe gel","volume":"31","author":"Saini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2002.02014.x","article-title":"Modulation of melanogenesis by aloesin: A competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pigm. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_214","unstructured":"Jia, Q., and Farrow, T.M. (2005). 7-Hydroxy Chromones as Potent Antioxidants. (6,884,783), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1159\/000095253","article-title":"In vitro 5-lipoxygenase and anti-oxidant activities of south african medicinal plants commonly used topically for skin diseases","volume":"19","author":"Frum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1134\/S106816201607013X","article-title":"Comparative study of antioxidant properties of extracts of various aloe species","volume":"42","author":"Sazhina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Russ. J. Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.07.091","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of polysaccharide purified from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) gel","volume":"99","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"2","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of the exudate from aloe barbadensis leaves in diabetic rats","volume":"18","author":"Nwajo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biokemistri"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2007.03.004","article-title":"Screening methods used to determine the anti-microbial properties of Aloe vera inner gel","volume":"42","author":"Habeeb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.002","article-title":"Therapeutic uses of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) in Southern Africa","volume":"119","author":"Grace","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_221","unstructured":"Kambiz, L., and Afolayan, A. (2008). Extracts from aloe ferox and withania somnifera inhibit candida albicans and neisseria gonorrhoea. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisi-Johnson, M.A., Obi, C.L., Hattori, T., Oshima, Y., Li, S., Kambizi, L., Eloff, J.N., and Vasaikar, S.D. (2011). Evaluation of the antibacterial and anticancer activities of some South African medicinal plants. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-14"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2007.03.003","article-title":"Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and mutagenic effects of some medicinal plants used in south africa for the treatment of wounds and retained placenta in livestock","volume":"73","author":"Luseba","year":"2007","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.564","article-title":"Plant products as antimicrobial agents","volume":"12","author":"Cowan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710790112620","article-title":"Antitumor properties and modulation of antioxidant enzymes\u2019 activity by Aloe vera leaf active principles isolated via supercritical carbon dioxide extraction","volume":"17","author":"Kabash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, J., Salehi, B., Stojanovi\u0107-Radi\u0107, Z.Z., Fokou, P.V.T., Sharifi-Rad, M., Mahady, G.B., Sharifi-Rad, M., Masjedi, M.R., Lawal, T.O., and Ayatollahi, S.A. (2017). Medicinal plants used in the treatment of tuberculosis\u2014Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological approaches. Biotechnol. Adv.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.07.001"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2011.563766","article-title":"Separation and purification of aloe anthraquinones using PEG\/salt aqueous two-phase system","volume":"46","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_228","first-page":"694","article-title":"An overview on medicinal properties of Aloe vera: Antibacterial & antifungal aspects","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci."},{"key":"ref_229","first-page":"115","article-title":"Aloe vera dermal wound gel is associated with a delay in wound healing","volume":"78","author":"Schmidt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3412\/jsb.21.609","article-title":"Studies on anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of cape aloe","volume":"21","author":"Soeda","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.05.028","article-title":"Antiviral activity of aloe-emodin against influenza a virus via galectin-3 up-regulation","volume":"738","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0735","article-title":"Preliminary trial of Aloe vera gruel on hiv infection","volume":"18","author":"Olatunya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.12.2463","article-title":"Inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants","volume":"35","author":"Sydiskis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113493307","article-title":"Chemopreventive effects of aloin against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced preneoplastic lesions in the colon of wistar rats","volume":"33","author":"Hamiza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2867-13-69","article-title":"Inhibition of the angiogenesis and growth of aloin in human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2838","article-title":"Exploration of effects of emodin in selected cancer cell lines: Enhanced growth inhibition by ascorbic acid and regulation of LRP1 and AR under hypoxia-like conditions","volume":"34","author":"Masaldan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23031","article-title":"Destabilization of carp mRNAs by aloe-emodin contributes to caspase-8-mediated p53-independent apoptosis of human carcinoma cells","volume":"112","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0605","article-title":"Emodin has a cytotoxic activity against human multiple myeloma as a janus-activated kinase 2 inhibitor","volume":"6","author":"Muto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Therapeut."},{"key":"ref_239","first-page":"327","article-title":"Emodin induces apoptosis of human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells through reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-dependent pathways","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_240","first-page":"4149","article-title":"Berberine decreased n-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene through inhibition of n-acetyltransferase gene expression in human leukemia Hl-60 cells","volume":"25","author":"LIN","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00005-4","article-title":"Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through the p53 dependent apoptotic pathway","volume":"175","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e451","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.187","article-title":"Anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQ2S) is a Novel neurotherapeutic agent","volume":"4","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.9","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo assessment of free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Veronica persica Poir","volume":"64","author":"Salehi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-Grand, France)"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38481","article-title":"Radical scavenging glycoprotein inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane A2 synthase from Aloe vera gel","volume":"69","author":"Yagi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.4.771","article-title":"Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation by Aloe barbadensis miller","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.8.1637","article-title":"In vitro chemopreventive effects of plant polysaccharides (Aloe barbadensis miller, Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum and Coriolus versicolor)","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.10.013","article-title":"Aloin induces apoptosis in jurkat cells","volume":"22","author":"Buenz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"ref_248","first-page":"565","article-title":"Effect of aloin on inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor Kappa B synthesis of hacat cells irradiated by Ultraviolet B","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_249","first-page":"341","article-title":"Effects of highly purified anthraquinoid compounds from Aloe vera on sensitive and multidrug resistant leukemia cells","volume":"4","author":"Grimaudo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_250","first-page":"75","article-title":"Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of aloe emodin and barbaloin from Aloe vera L. Leaves and their in-vitro cytotoxic activity","volume":"16","author":"Kabbash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774778","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis in human leukaemic cell lines k562, hl60 and u937 by diethylhexylphthalate isolated from Aloe vera linne","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774246","article-title":"Anti-leukaemic and anti-mutagenic effects of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from Aloe vera linne","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_253","first-page":"7","article-title":"The antitumor active components from Aloe vera var. Chinesis Berg","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(88)90043-4","article-title":"Enhancement of allo-resposiveness of human lymphocytes by acemannan (Carrisyntm)","volume":"10","author":"Womble","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-011-9210-6","article-title":"In vivo evalution of hypoglycemic activity of Aloe spp. And identification of its mode of action on glut-4 gene expression in vitro","volume":"164","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357055416","article-title":"Modulatory effects of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on oxidative stress in rats treated with streptozotocin","volume":"57","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000180569","article-title":"The antidiabetic activity of aloes: Preliminary clinical and experimental observations","volume":"24","author":"Ghannam","year":"1986","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-962078","article-title":"Polysaccharides in pharmacy: Current applications and future concepts","volume":"55","author":"Franz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.06.004","article-title":"Aloe emodin glycosides stimulates glucose transport and glycogen storage through PI3K dependent mechanism in l6 myotubes and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3L1 adipocytes","volume":"584","author":"Anand","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.62.01.0013","article-title":"Aloe vera gel alleviates cardiotoxicity in streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats","volume":"62","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_261","first-page":"439","article-title":"The effect of Aloe vera leaf gel on fatty streak formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits","volume":"17","author":"Dana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhingra, D., Lamba, D., Kumar, R., Nath, P., and Gauttam, S. (2014). Antihyperlipidemic activity of Aloe succotrina in rats: Possibly mediated by inhibition of hmg-coa reductase. ISRN Pharmacol., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/243575"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.74090","article-title":"Effect of Aloe barbadensis mill. Formulation on letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model","volume":"1","author":"Maharjan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.94736","article-title":"Aloe barbadensis mill. Formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model","volume":"4","author":"Desai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"ref_265","first-page":"21","article-title":"Identification of antihyperlipidemic components in Aloe vera through reverse phase HPlC","volume":"1","author":"Bhalla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_266","first-page":"381","article-title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of Aloe vera gel on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis","volume":"9","author":"Babaee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dental Res. J."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.044","article-title":"Effects of aloe preparation on the histamine-induced gastric secretion in rats","volume":"90","author":"Suvitayavat","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.03.027","article-title":"The effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats","volume":"93","author":"Yusuf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i13.2034","article-title":"Effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing in rats","volume":"12","author":"Eamlamnam","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03822.x","article-title":"Adverse effects of herbal drugs in dermatology","volume":"143","author":"Ernst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brit. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(09)76004-6","article-title":"Fibroblasts\u2014A diverse population at the center of it all","volume":"276","author":"Sorrell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01005","article-title":"Fibroblast heterogeneity: More than skin deep","volume":"117","author":"Sorrell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.5.1852","article-title":"Type iii collagen is crucial for collagen I fibrillogenesis and for normal cardiovascular development","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298406","article-title":"On the novel action of melanolysis by a leaf extract of Aloe vera and its active ingredient aloin, potent skin depigmenting agents","volume":"78","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2012.09.028","article-title":"Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors from Aloe barbadensis miller","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35266-8","article-title":"Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (Alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast cells activated with specific antigen-antibody reactions","volume":"292","author":"Ro","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_277","first-page":"802","article-title":"Chemical composition and functional properties of essential oils from Nepeta schiraziana boiss","volume":"65","author":"Ayatollahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J.M. (2015). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198717478.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2008.03.005","article-title":"Binding of the bioactive component Aloe dihydroisocoumarin with human serum albumin","volume":"891","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2005.10.096","article-title":"Isolation, structure elucidation, antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties of two novel dihydrocoumarins from Aloe vera","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18054942","article-title":"Phenolic constituents, antioxidant and preliminary antimycoplasmic activities of leaf skin and flowers of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (syn. A. Barbadensis Mill.) from the Canary islands (Spain)","volume":"18","author":"Rico","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13092169","article-title":"Phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities of two aloe greatheadii var. Davyana extracts","volume":"13","author":"Botes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3482","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of anthrone and chromone from the latex of aloe harlana reynolds","volume":"25","author":"Asamenew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2514","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts from aloe saponaria haw","volume":"22","author":"Yoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2017.06.017","article-title":"Profile of bioactive secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacity of leaf exudates from eighteen aloe species","volume":"108","author":"Cardarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.019","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of aloe saponaria haw in a model of uvb-induced paw sunburn in rats","volume":"133","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2007.000-2276","article-title":"Antiviral activity of Aloe vera against herpes simplex virus type 2: An in vitro study","volume":"6","author":"Zandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_288","first-page":"403","article-title":"Effect of Aloe vera gel to healing of burn wound a clinical and histologic study","volume":"78","author":"Visuthikosol","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(90)90156-2","article-title":"In-vitro evaluation of the antiviral effects of acemannan on the replication and pathogenesis of HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses: Modification of the processing of glycoprotein precursors","volume":"13","author":"Kemp","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/5.1.39","article-title":"A beta-linked mannan inhibits adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to human lung epithelial cells","volume":"5","author":"Azghani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00370-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of the crude extract of aloe secundiflora in chickens experimentally infected with newcastle disease virus","volume":"79","author":"Waihenya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_292","first-page":"359","article-title":"Anti-viral effects of aqueous extracts of aloe ferox and withania somnifera on herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture","volume":"103","author":"Kambizi","year":"2007","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zofou, D., Kuete, V., and Titanji, V.P. (2013). Antimalarial and other antiprotozoal products from african medicinal plants. Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405927-6.00017-5"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6299(15)30451-8","article-title":"In vitro activity of aloe extracts against plasmodium falciparum","volume":"68","author":"Viljoen","year":"2002","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.02.011","article-title":"In vitro antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants native to or naturalised in South Africa","volume":"92","author":"Clarkson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9421-9","article-title":"In-vitro anthelminthic activity of crude aqueous extracts of Aloe ferox, leonotis leonurus and elephantorrhiza elephantina against haemonchus contortus","volume":"42","author":"Maphosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1134\/S0036024407090221","article-title":"Adjuvant antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of aloin in irradiated HELAS3 cells","volume":"81","year":"2007","journal-title":"Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.6.8.4383","article-title":"Antitumor effects of a natural anthracycline analog (Aloin) involve altered activity of antioxidant enzymes in HELAS3 cells","volume":"6","author":"Niciforovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.08.011","article-title":"The potential of south african plants in the development of new medicinal products","volume":"77","year":"2011","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_300","first-page":"2800","article-title":"Aloe-emodin is a new type of anticancer agent with selective activity against neuroectodermal tumors","volume":"60","author":"Pecere","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S124","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(1998)12:1+<S124::AID-PTR271>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Aloe and its therapeutic use","volume":"12","author":"Capasso","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11312","article-title":"Involvement of p53 in specific anti-neuroectodermal tumor activity of aloe-emodin","volume":"106","author":"Pecere","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_303","first-page":"62","article-title":"The glycopeptide, a promoter of thymidine uptake, from Aloe vera","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_304","first-page":"1993","article-title":"Aloe arborescens extract protects IMR-32 cells against alzheimer amyloid beta peptide via inhibition of radical peroxide production","volume":"10","author":"Clementi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2014.10.049","article-title":"Protective effects of aloe-emodin on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells","volume":"24","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830512Y.0000000050","article-title":"Aloe vera improves memory and reduces depression in mice","volume":"16","author":"Halder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_307","first-page":"364","article-title":"Protective effects of Aloe vera extract on mitochondria of neuronal cells and rat brain","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_308","first-page":"549","article-title":"Effect of Aloe vera on animal models of parkinson disease in mice","volume":"5","author":"Bagewadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12181","article-title":"Anticonvulsant activity of a loe vera leaf extract in acute and chronic models of epilepsy in mice","volume":"66","author":"Rathor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976355","article-title":"Aloesin and arbutin inhibit tyrosinase activity in a synergistic manner via a different action mechanism","volume":"22","author":"Jin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01120.x","article-title":"Aloesin inhibits hyperpigmentation induced by UV radiation","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-79-8-395","article-title":"Processed Aloe vera administered topically inhibits inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiat. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.08.008","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation: The effects of Aloe ferox Miller and Aloe arborescens miller on wound healing","volume":"120","author":"Jia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_314","first-page":"225","article-title":"Effectiveness of Aloe vera gel compared with 1% silver sulphadiazine cream as burn wound dressing in second degree burns","volume":"63","author":"Shahzad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-008-3944-y","article-title":"Aloe versus silver sulfadiazine creams for second-degree burns: A randomized controlled study","volume":"39","author":"Khorasani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg. Today"},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.055","article-title":"Polysaccharides of Aloe vera induce MMP-3 and TIMP-2 gene expression during the skin wound repair of rat","volume":"65","author":"Tabandeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_317","first-page":"432","article-title":"To study the efficacy of different formulations of Aloe vera (spp. Aloe barbadensis) on wound healing in rats","volume":"6","author":"Lakhanpal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2011.579980","article-title":"Aloe vera extract activity on human corneal cells","volume":"50","author":"Paduch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.05.005","article-title":"Aloe vera downregulates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages","volume":"56","author":"Budai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-969480","article-title":"Effect of aloe extract on peripheral phagocytosis in adult bronchial asthma","volume":"51","author":"Shida","year":"1985","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(94)00102-T","article-title":"Nitric oxide production by chicken macrophages activated by acemannan, a complex carbohydrate extracted from Aloe Vera","volume":"17","author":"Karaca","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"SL77","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1083957","article-title":"A pilot randomized placebo controlled trial of 2 Aloe vera supplements in patients with pre-diabetes\/metabolic syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Devaraj","year":"2008","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1280474","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of Aloe vera leaf gel in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Huseini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_324","unstructured":"Urch, D. (1999). Aloe vera Nature\u2019s Gift, Blackdown Publications."},{"key":"ref_325","unstructured":"(1994). Oral ulcers remedy gets fda clearance. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 125, 1308\u20131310."},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.106905","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Aloe vera mouth rinse","volume":"16","author":"Chandrahas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(86)90085-1","article-title":"The Aloe vera phenomenon: A review of the properties and modern uses of the leaf parenchyma gel","volume":"16","author":"Grindlay","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/19\/9\/2843\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:21:31Z","timestamp":1760196091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/19\/9\/2843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"references-count":327,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms19092843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19092843","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]}}}