{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:52:01Z","timestamp":1775890321157,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa, na componente FEDER\u201d and by \u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["PTDC\/EQU-EPQ\/29579\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EQU-EPQ\/29579\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Profiled membranes (also known as corrugated membranes, micro-structured membranes, patterned membranes, membranes with designed topography or notched membranes) are gaining increasing academic and industrial attention and recognition as a viable alternative to flat membranes. So far, profiled ion exchange membranes have shown to significantly improve the performance of reverse electrodialysis (RED), and particularly, electrodialysis (ED) by eliminating the spacer shadow effect and by inducing hydrodynamic changes, leading to ion transport rate enhancement. The beneficial effects of profiled ion exchange membranes are strongly dependent on the shape of their profiles (corrugations\/patterns) as well as on the flow rate and salts\u2019 concentration in the feed streams. The enormous degree of freedom to create new profile geometries offers an exciting opportunity to improve even more their performance. Additionally, the advent of new manufacturing methods in the membrane field, such as 3D printing, is anticipated to allow a faster and an easier way to create profiled membranes with different and complex geometries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T11:34:26Z","timestamp":1546601666000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Profiled Ion Exchange Membranes: A Comprehensible Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7259-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwin","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes (LAQV), REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o G.","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes (LAQV), REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlozar","family":"Velizarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes (LAQV), REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.04.069","article-title":"Electrodialysis, a mature technology with a multitude of new applications","volume":"264","author":"Strathmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coche.2014.01.001","article-title":"Process integration of electrodialysis for a cleaner environment","volume":"4","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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