{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:34:01Z","timestamp":1776328441475,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portuguese Society of Nephrology (SPN)","award":["project funding 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project funding 2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin K is a multifunctional micronutrient implicated in age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Although vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are described to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, novel roles have emerged for vitamin K, independently of its role in VKDPs carboxylation. Vitamin K has been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory by suppressing nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) signal transduction and to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress by blocking the generation of reactive oxygen species. Available clinical evidences indicate that a high vitamin K status can exert a protective role in the inflammatory and mineralization processes associated with the onset and progression of age-related diseases. Also, vitamin K involvement as a protective super-micronutrient in aging and \u2018inflammaging\u2019 is arising, highlighting its future use in clinical practice. In this review we summarize current knowledge regarding clinical data on vitamin K in skeletal and cardiovascular health, and discuss the potential of vitamin K supplementation as a health benefit. We describe the clinical evidence and explore molecular aspects of vitamin K protective role in aging and age-related diseases, and its involvement as a modulator in the interplay between pathological calcification and inflammation processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T04:38:23Z","timestamp":1566794303000},"page":"4150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Vitamin K as a Powerful Micronutrient in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Pros and Cons from Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina C.","family":"Simes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla S. B.","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuna","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Marreiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.06.007","article-title":"Occurrence, biosynthesis and function of isoprenoid quinones","volume":"1797","author":"Nowicka","year":"2010","journal-title":"BBA Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09464","article-title":"Identification of UBIAD1 as a novel human menaquinone-4 biosynthetic enzyme","volume":"468","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"8926","article-title":"Research progress on the anticancer effects of vitamin K2","volume":"15","author":"Xv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. 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