{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:08:35Z","timestamp":1776406115889,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":285,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERA IB","award":["ERA-IB-15-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA-IB-15-110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enzymes are nature\u2019s catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require extensive use of laborious protection group manipulations and often lack regio- and stereoselectivity. The application of Leloir glycosyltransferases has received considerable attention in recent years and offers excellent control over the reactivity and selectivity of glycosylation reactions with unprotected carbohydrates, paving the way for previously inaccessible synthetic routes. The development of nucleotide recycling cascades has allowed for the efficient production and reuse of nucleotide sugar donors in robust one-pot multi-enzyme glycosylation cascades. In this way, large glycans and glycoconjugates with complex stereochemistry can be constructed. With recent advances, LeLoir glycosyltransferases are close to being applied industrially in multi-enzyme, programmable cascade glycosylations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T03:20:36Z","timestamp":1571973636000},"page":"5263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Leloir Glycosyltransferases in Applied Biocatalysis: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Luuk","family":"Mestrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1119-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Przypis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kowalczykiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2988-5909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Pollender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Kumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany"},{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology &amp; Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stefan R.","family":"Marsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EMBL Hamburg, Notkestra\u03b2e 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andrzej B.","family":"Jarz\u0119bski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Szyma\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice Poland."}]},{"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Chru\u015bciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEXEO Wies\u0142aw Hreczuch, ul. Energetyk\u00f3w 9, 47-225 K\u0119dzierzyn-Ko\u017ale, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6288-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Tischler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany"},{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology &amp; Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Schoevaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChiralVision, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4102-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Hanefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6342-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter-Leon","family":"Hagedoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.189102401311","article-title":"Ueber die configuration des traubenzuckers und seiner isomeren","volume":"24","author":"Fischer","year":"1891","journal-title":"Ber. Dtsch. Chem. 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