{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T22:32:09Z","timestamp":1774737129730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic\/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1585712653000},"page":"2285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7747-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Durazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CREA\u2014Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Nazhand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Department, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Mazandaran, 48181 68984 Sari, Iran"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Lucarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREA\u2014Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Atanas G.","family":"Atanasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrz\u0119biec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstra\u00dfe 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Novellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3335-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Universit\u00e0 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5505-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/157340721001140724145924","article-title":"Nutraceuticals: Beyond the diet before the drugs","volume":"10","author":"Santini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Bioact. 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