{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:46:08Z","timestamp":1777405568645,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Research and Development","award":["307733\/2016-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307733\/2016-5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003545","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["431077\/2016-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431077\/2016-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ctn[15\u201334], the C-terminal fragment of crotalicidin, an antimicrobial peptide from the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, displays remarkable anti-infective and anti-proliferative activities. Herein, its activity on Candida albicans biofilms and its interaction with the cytoplasmic membrane of the fungal cell and with a biomembrane model in vitro was investigated. A standard C. albicans strain and a fluconazole-resistant clinical isolate were exposed to the peptide at its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (10 \u00b5M) and up to 100 \u00d7 MIC to inhibit biofilm formation and its eradication. A viability test using XTT and fluorescent dyes, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to observe the antibiofilm effect. To evaluate the importance of membrane composition on Ctn[15\u201334] activity, C. albicans protoplasts were also tested. Fluorescence assays using di-8-ANEPPS, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements using liposomes, protoplasts, and C. albicans cells indicated a direct mechanism of action that was dependent on membrane interaction and disruption. Overall, Ctn[15\u201334] showed to be an effective antifungal peptide, displaying antibiofilm activity and, importantly, interacting with and disrupting fungal plasma membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T19:03:37Z","timestamp":1604862217000},"page":"8339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Antibiofilm Activity on Candida albicans and Mechanism of Action on Biomembrane Models of the Antimicrobial Peptide Ctn[15\u201334]"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1733-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca Lidiane Linhares de","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 60165-081, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 60430-170, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0580-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina Sidrim","family":"de Paula Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Science and Technology, State University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 60714-903, Brazil"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Andreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gandhi Radis","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 60165-081, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 60430-170, Brazil"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/292246a0","article-title":"Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity","volume":"292","author":"Steiner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112120","article-title":"Defensins. 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