{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T03:28:51Z","timestamp":1776223731509,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04378\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04378\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/105727\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/105727\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/07623\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/07623\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The immune microenvironment of breast cancer (BC) is composed by high macrophage infiltrates, correlated with the most aggressive subtypes. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) within the BC microenvironment are key regulators of immune suppression and BC progression. Nevertheless, several key questions regarding TAM polarisation by BC are still not fully understood. Recently, the modulation of the immune microenvironment has been described via the recognition of abnormal glycosylation patterns at BC cell surface. These patterns rise as a resource to identify potential targets on TAM in the BC context, leading to the development of novel immunotherapies. Herein, we will summarize recent studies describing advances in identifying altered glycan structures in BC cells. We will focus on BC-specific glycosylation patterns known to modulate the phenotype and function of macrophages recruited to the tumour site, such as structures with sialylated or N-acetylgalactosamine epitopes. Moreover, the lectins present at the surface of macrophages reported to bind to such antigens, inducing tumour-prone TAM phenotypes, will also be highlighted. Finally, we will discuss and give our view on the potential and current challenges of targeting these glycan-lectin interactions to reshape the immunosuppressive landscape of BC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T21:35:42Z","timestamp":1613597742000},"page":"1972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cracking the Breast Cancer Glyco-Code through Glycan-Lectin Interactions: Targeting Immunosuppressive Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana G.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Angelina S.","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8926-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, December 28). 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