{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:30:28Z","timestamp":1768566628085,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MindGaP-H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MindGaP-H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous cell-derived membranous granules which carry a large diversity of molecules and participate in intercellular communication by transferring these molecules to target cells by endocytosis. In the last decade, EVs\u2019 role in several pathological conditions, from etiology to disease progression or therapy evasion, has been consolidated, including in central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. For this review, we performed a systematic search of original works published, reporting the presence of molecular components expressed in the CNS via EVs, which have been purified from plasma, serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Our aim is to provide a list of molecular EV components that have been identified from both nonpathological conditions and the most common CNS-related disorders. We discuss the methods used to isolate and enrich EVs from specific CNS-cells and the relevance of its components in each disease context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T14:08:16Z","timestamp":1616508496000},"page":"3267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Secreted Extracellular Vesicle Molecular Cargo as a Novel Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics of Central Nervous System Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2193-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Monteiro-Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology &amp; Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Biobank, Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Carvalho-Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology &amp; Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Biobank, Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Bart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Networks Research Unit, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Infotech Oulu, Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9319-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seppo J.","family":"Vainio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Networks Research Unit, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Infotech Oulu, Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eunice R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9936-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goreti","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMark Sensor Research\/Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Henrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology &amp; Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Biobank, Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4186-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology &amp; Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Biobank, Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.162","article-title":"Exosomes: New molecular targets of diseases","volume":"39","author":"Samanta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R125","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds317","article-title":"Exosomes and microvesicles: Extracellular vesicles for genetic information transfer and gene therapy","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. 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