{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:36:38Z","timestamp":1764174998322,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-AARG-644347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-AARG-644347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"iBiMED, FCT, COMPETE program, QREN, European Union","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cpAGE\u201d, Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union","award":["CENTRO2020-CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO2020-CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000003"]}]},{"name":"FCT - individual PhD grant (TSM)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/145979\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/145979\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The potential of exosomes as biomarker resources for diagnostics and even for therapeutics has intensified research in the field, including in the context of Alzheimer\u00b4s disease (AD). The search for disease biomarkers in peripheral biofluids is advancing mainly due to the easy access it offers. In the study presented here, emphasis was given to the bioinformatic identification of putative exosomal candidates for AD. The exosomal proteomes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and plasma, were obtained from three databases (ExoCarta, EVpedia and Vesiclepedia), and complemented with additional exosomal proteins already associated with AD but not found in the databases. The final biofluids\u2019 proteomes were submitted to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the exosomal A\u03b2-binding proteins that can constitute putative candidates were identified. Among these candidates, gelsolin, a protein known to be involved in inhibiting Abeta fibril formation, was identified, and it was tested in human samples. The levels of this A\u03b2-binding protein, with anti-amyloidogenic properties, were assessed in serum-derived exosomes isolated from controls and individuals with dementia, including AD cases, and revealed altered expression patterns. Identification of potential peripheral biomarker candidates for AD may be useful, not only for early disease diagnosis but also in drug trials and to monitor disease progression, allowing for a timely therapeutic intervention, which will positively impact the patient\u2019s quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T03:04:06Z","timestamp":1618196646000},"page":"3933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Exosomal A\u03b2-Binding Proteins Identified by \u201cIn Silico\u201d Analysis Represent Putative Blood-Derived Biomarker Candidates for Alzheimer\u00b4s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Soares Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0699-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Mar\u00e7alo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8147-1813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5926-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Martins Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9326-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Vogelgsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany"},{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Goettingen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3718-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odete A. B.","family":"da Cruz e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0851-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Gabriela","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0333-5","article-title":"The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"DeTure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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