{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:10:27Z","timestamp":1775074227901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increased visceral adiposity may influence the development of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressive tumors and cancer mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT), usually referred to as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), surrounds the prostatic gland and has emerged as a potential mediator of the tumor microenvironment. Exercise training (ET) induces several adaptations in both skeletal muscle and WAT. Some of these effects are mediated by ET-induced synthesis and secretion of several proteins, known as myo- and adipokines. Together, myokines and adipokines may act in an endocrine-like manner to favor communication between skeletal muscle and WAT, as they may work together to improve whole-body metabolic health. This crosstalk may constitute a potential mechanism by which ET exerts its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of PCa-related disorders; however, this has not yet been explored. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on the effects of skeletal muscle\u2013WAT\u2013tumor crosstalk in PCa, and the potential mediators of this process to provide a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T02:12:57Z","timestamp":1619316777000},"page":"4469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Skeletal Muscle\u2013Adipose Tissue\u2013Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Rocha-Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edif\u00edcio Ci\u00eancias de Desporto, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Tumour &amp; Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB\u2014Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-153 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1551-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour &amp; Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB\u2014Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-153 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2038-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Mendes-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour &amp; Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB\u2014Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-153 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Abade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development CIDESD, University of Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Avenida Carlos de Oliveira Campos, Cast\u00ealo da Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lus\u00f3fona University of Porto, Rua Augusto Rosa 24, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5812-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edif\u00edcio Ci\u00eancias de Desporto, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Murawska-Cia\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Biochemistry Department, University School of Physical Education, Paderewskiego Ave. 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0724-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour &amp; Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB\u2014Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-153 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour &amp; Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB\u2014Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-153 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.4.1879","article-title":"Influence of adipocytokines and periprostatic adiposity measurement parameters on prostate cancer aggressiveness","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. 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