{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:41:18Z","timestamp":1774366878344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/IC\/00051\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/IC\/00051\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00051\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00051\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAICTPAC\/0047\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAICTPAC\/0047\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00286\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00286\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-553 0145-FEDER-007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-553 0145-FEDER-007628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Native biofluid peptides offer important information about diseases, holding promise as biomarkers. Particularly, the non-invasive nature of urine sampling, and its high peptide concentration, make urine peptidomics a useful strategy to study the pathogenesis of renal conditions. Moreover, the high number of detectable peptides as well as their specificity set the ground for the expansion of urine peptidomics to the identification of surrogate biomarkers for extra-renal diseases. Peptidomics further allows the prediction of proteases (degradomics), frequently dysregulated in disease, providing a complimentary source of information on disease pathogenesis and biomarkers. Then, what does urine peptidomics tell us so far? In this paper, we appraise the value of urine peptidomics in biomarker research through a comprehensive analysis of all datasets available to date. We have mined &gt; 50 papers, addressing &gt; 30 different conditions, comprising &gt; 4700 unique peptides. Bioinformatic tools were used to reanalyze peptide profiles aiming at identifying disease fingerprints, to uncover hidden disease-specific peptides physicochemical properties and to predict the most active proteases associated with their generation. The molecular patterns found in this study may be further validated in the future as disease biomarker not only for kidney diseases but also for extra-renal conditions, as a step forward towards the implementation of a paradigm of predictive, preventive and personalized (3P) medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T21:42:06Z","timestamp":1622497326000},"page":"5940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Mining the Biomarker Potential of the Urine Peptidome: From Amino Acids Properties to Proteases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Trindade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIC\u2014Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio S.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIC\u2014Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBiMED\u2014Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Vlahou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Falc\u00e3o-Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIC\u2014Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3424-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Vitorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7808-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelino","family":"Leite-Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIC\u2014Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3636-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Vitorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIC\u2014Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"iBiMED\u2014Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.07.010","article-title":"A Case for a human immuno-peptidome project consortium","volume":"47","author":"Caron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9186-0","article-title":"Hemopressin and other bioactive peptides from cytosolic proteins: Are these non-classical neuropeptides?","volume":"12","author":"Gelman","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, P.Y., Low, T.Y., and Jamal, R. 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