{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:12:20Z","timestamp":1776312740990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is recognition that both stress and immune responses are important factors in a variety of neurological disorders. Moreover, there is an important role of several neurotransmitters that connect these factors to several neurological diseases, with a special focus in this paper on serotonin. Accordingly, it is known that imbalances in stressors can promote a variety of neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative pathologies. Here, we discuss some facts that link major depressive disorder, Alzheimer\u2019s, and Parkinson\u2019s to the stress and immune responses, as well as the connection between these responses and serotonergic signaling. These are important topics of investigation which may lead to new or better treatments, improving the life quality of patients that suffer from these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:49:41Z","timestamp":1628459381000},"page":"8525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Highlighting Immune System and Stress in Major Depressive Disorder, Parkinson\u2019s, and Alzheimer\u2019s Diseases, with a Connection with Serotonin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8231-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Salom\u00e9","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unit of Anatomy\u2014Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.12.049","article-title":"Stress, neurotransmitters, corticosterone and body\u2013brain integration","volume":"1476","author":"Mora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Wong, M.L., Lewis, M., and Licinio, J. (2015). 2.2 Translational Research in Endocrinology and Neuroimmunology Applied to Depression. Biomedical Chemistry, De Gruyter Open."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.12.006","article-title":"Chronic stress leads to long-lasting deficits in olfactory-guided behaviors, and to neuroplastic changes in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","volume":"98","author":"Vaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm. 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