{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:13:26Z","timestamp":1762272806283,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI2074A","01KI2074B","01KI1723G","01KI2006D","01KI20328A","01KI20396","01KX2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI2074A","01KI2074B","01KI1723G","01KI2006D","01KI20328A","01KI20396","01KX2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal State of Lower Saxony","award":["R2N project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2N project"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003107","name":"Federal Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Covid-19 Rapid Response Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Covid-19 Rapid Response Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010570","name":"Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14-76103-184 CORONA-15\/20","14-76103-184 MWK HZI COVID-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-76103-184 CORONA-15\/20","14-76103-184 MWK HZI COVID-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO 716\/11-1","PO 716-14-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO 716\/11-1","PO 716-14-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony","award":["PRESENt consortium 76251-99-3\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRESENt consortium 76251-99-3\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural or experimental infection of domestic cats and virus transmission from humans to captive predatory cats suggest that felids are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is unclear which cells and compartments of the respiratory tract are infected. To address this question, primary cell cultures derived from the nose, trachea, and lungs of cat and lion were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Strong viral replication was observed for nasal mucosa explants and tracheal air\u2013liquid interface cultures, whereas replication in lung slices was less efficient. Infection was mainly restricted to epithelial cells and did not cause major pathological changes. Detection of high ACE2 levels in the nose and trachea but not lung further suggests that susceptibility of feline tissues to SARS-CoV-2 correlates with ACE2 expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the feline upper respiratory tract ex vivo and thus highlights the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spillover from humans to felids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1633085740000},"page":"10636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Upper Respiratory Tract of Felids Is Highly Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4413-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheila","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Runft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"F\u00e4rber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Armando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisa","family":"Gerold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Ume\u00e5 University, 90185 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, 90185 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"P\u00f6hlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, 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