{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:44:22Z","timestamp":1762868662378,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bacterial enzyme asparaginase is the main treatment option for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, it causes side effects, such as immunological reactions, and presents undesirable glutaminase activity. As an alternative, we have been studying asparaginase II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, coded by ASP3 gene, which was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant asparaginase (ASP) presented antileukemic activity and a glutaminase activity 100 times lower in comparison to its asparaginase activity. In this work, we describe the development of a delivery system for ASP via its covalent attachment to functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer chains in the outer surface of liposomes (ASP-enzymosomes). This new delivery system demonstrated antiproliferative activity against K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) and Jurkat (acute lymphocytic leukemia) cell lines similar to that of ASP. The antiproliferative response of the ASP-enzymosomes against the Jurkat cells suggests equivalence to that of the free Escherichia coli commercial asparaginase (Aginasa\u00ae). Moreover, the ASP-enzymosomes were stable at 4 \u00b0C with no significant loss of activity within 4 days and retained 82% activity up to 37 days. Therefore, ASP-enzymosomes are a promising antileukemic drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T13:35:47Z","timestamp":1634304947000},"page":"11120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["ASP-Enzymosomes with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Asparaginase II Expressed in Pichia pastoris: Formulation Design and In Vitro Studies of a Potential Antileukemic Drug"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Luciana F. C.","family":"Gir\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6028-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela Colla","family":"Carvalheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5724-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Ferreira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1399-9330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surza L. G.","family":"da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0157-1783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Perales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"M. B\u00e1rbara F.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonieta","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Drug Technology (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Elba P. S.","family":"Bon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Lu\u00edsa","family":"Corvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. 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