{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T23:25:55Z","timestamp":1774049155773,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The practice of combining external stimulation therapy alongside stimuli-responsive bio-scaffolds has shown massive potential for tissue engineering applications. One promising example is the combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and electroactive scaffolds because ES could enhance cell adhesion and proliferation as well as modulating cellular specialization. Even though electroactive scaffolds have the potential to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering due to their ability to distribute ES directly to the target tissues, the development of effective electroactive scaffolds with specific properties remains a major issue in their practical uses. Conductive polymers (CPs) offer ease of modification that allows for tailoring the scaffold\u2019s various properties, making them an attractive option for conductive component in electroactive scaffolds. This review provides an up-to-date narrative of the progress of CPs-based electroactive scaffolds and the challenge of their use in various tissue engineering applications from biomaterials perspectives. The general issues with CP-based scaffolds relevant to its application as electroactive scaffolds were discussed, followed by a more specific discussion in their applications for specific tissues, including bone, nerve, skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle scaffolds. Furthermore, this review also highlighted the importance of the manufacturing process relative to the scaffold\u2019s performance, with particular emphasis on additive manufacturing, and various strategies to overcome the CPs\u2019 limitations in the development of electroactive scaffolds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T23:54:33Z","timestamp":1635292473000},"page":"11543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0741-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maradhana Agung","family":"Marsudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Ridhola Tri","family":"Ariski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"given":"Anggraini","family":"Barlian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science & Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Riska","family":"Rachmantyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3683-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J. D. 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