{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:26:07Z","timestamp":1768094767637,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metal ions such as cobalt (II) and chromium (III) might be present in the oral cavity, as a consequence of the corrosion of Co-Cr dental alloys. The diffusion of such metal ions into the organism, carried by saliva, can cause health problems as a consequence of their toxicity, enhanced by a cumulative effect in the body. The effect of the chlorhexidine digluconate, which is commonly used in mouthwash formulations, on the transport of these salts is evaluated in this paper by using the Taylor dispersion technique, which will allow an assessment of how the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate (either in aqueous solution or in a commercial formulation) may affect the diffusion of metal ions. The ternary mutual diffusion coefficients of metal ions (Co and Cr) in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate, in an artificial saliva media, were measured. Significant coupled diffusion of CoCl2 (and CrCl3) and chlorhexidine digluconate is observed by analysis of the non-zero values of the cross-diffusion coefficients, D12 and D21. The observed interactions between metal ions and chlorhexidine digluconate suggest that the latter might be considered as an advantageous therapeutic agent, once they contribute to the reduction of the concentration of those ions inside the mouth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:46:58Z","timestamp":1639086418000},"page":"13266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Cobalt and Chromium Ions on the Chlorhexidine Digluconate as Seen by Intermolecular Diffusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9145-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia I. G.","family":"Fangaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Implantology and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro M. G.","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Implantology and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando A. D. R. A.","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Implantology and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. Melia","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.D. Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8457-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Utzeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CQC, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2912-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M. T. D. P. V.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, CQC, University of Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur J. M.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CQC, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9736-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Esteso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.D. Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas de \u00c1vila, 05005 \u00c1vila, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C. F.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CQC, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arregui, M., Latour, F., Gil, F.J., P\u00e9rez, R.A., Giner-Tarrida, L., and Delgado, L.M. (2021). Ion Release from Dental Implants, Prosthetic Abutments and Crowns under Physiological and Acidic Conditions. Coatings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11010098"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.08.012","article-title":"Cobalt\u2013chromium alloys fabricated with four different techniques: Ion release, toxicity of released elements and surface roughness","volume":"36","author":"Kassapidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. 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