{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T18:56:57Z","timestamp":1772909817007,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.09331.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.09331.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04044\/2020, UIDP\/04044\/2020, UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04044\/2020, UIDP\/04044\/2020, UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centro2020","award":["PAMI - ROTEIRO\/0328\/2013 (N\u00ba 022158), MATIS (CENTRO-01- 0145-FEDER-000014) and Centro-01-02B7-FEDER-069244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAMI - ROTEIRO\/0328\/2013 (N\u00ba 022158), MATIS (CENTRO-01- 0145-FEDER-000014) and Centro-01-02B7-FEDER-069244"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current worldwide pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had alerted the population to the risk that small microorganisms can create for humankind\u2019s wellbeing and survival. All of us have been affected, directly or indirectly, by this situation, and scientists all over the world have been trying to find solutions to fight this virus by killing it or by stop\/decrease its spread rate. Numerous kinds of microorganisms have been occasionally created panic in world history, and several solutions have been proposed to stop their spread. Among the most studied antimicrobial solutions, are metals (of different kinds and applied in different formats). In this regard, this review aims to present a recent and comprehensive demonstration of the state-of-the-art in the use of metals, as well as their mechanisms, to fight different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1642754238000},"page":"1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Metallic Structures: Effective Agents to Fight Pathogenic Microorganisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago Soares","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRsp-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRsp-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2408-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana F. A.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRsp-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901890","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201901890","article-title":"Hierarchical Micro\/Mesoporous Copper Structure with Enhanced Antimicrobial Property via Laser Surface Texturing","volume":"7","author":"Selvamani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"118959","article-title":"Chitosan-Gum Arabic Embedded Alizarin Nanocarriers Inhibit Biofilm Formation of Multispecies Microorganisms","volume":"2021","author":"Raj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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