{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:29:29Z","timestamp":1761920969893,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/QUI\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/QUI\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI 2018-097504-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI 2018-097504-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal stress is known to increase susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases and hypertension in adult age in a process known as fetal programming. This study investigated the relationship between vascular RAS, oxidative damage and remodeling in fetal programming. Six-month old Sprague-Dawley offspring from mothers that were fed ad libitum (CONTROL) or with 50% intake during the second half of gestation (maternal undernutrition, MUN) were used. qPCR or immunohistochemistry were used to obtain the expression of receptors and enzymes. Plasma levels of carbonyls were measured by spectrophotometry. In mesenteric arteries from MUN rats we detected an upregulation of ACE, ACE2, AT1 receptors and NADPH oxidase, and lower expression of AT2, Mas and MrgD receptors compared to CONTROL. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma levels of carbonyls were higher in MUN than in CONTROL. Vascular morphology evidenced an increased media\/lumen ratio and adventitia\/lumen ratio, and more connective tissue in MUN compared to CONTROL. In conclusion, fetal undernutrition indices RAS alterations and oxidative damage which may contribute to the remodeling of mesenteric arteries, and increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1642969972000},"page":"1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fetal Undernutrition Modifies Vascular RAS Balance Enhancing Oxidative Damage and Contributing to Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Maria Sofia","family":"Vieira-Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Rodriguez-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Ferreira-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana Beatriz","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Morato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Silvia Magdalena","family":"Arribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4668-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0341","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: New players of the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"216","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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