{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:58:25Z","timestamp":1777953505308,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Major depressive disorder (MDD), also called depression, is a serious disease that impairs the quality of life of patients and has a high incidence, affecting approximately 3.8% of the world population. Its diagnosis is very subjective and is not supported by measurable biomarkers mainly due to the lack of biochemical markers. Recently, disturbance of lipid profiling has been recognized in MDD, in animal models of MDD or in depressed patients, which may contribute to unravel the etiology of the disease and find putative new biomarkers, for a diagnosis or for monitoring the disease and therapeutics outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge of lipidomics analysis, both in animal models of MDD (at the brain and plasma level) and in humans (in plasma and serum). Furthermore, studies of lipidomics analyses after antidepressant treatment in rodents (in brain, plasma, and serum), in primates (in the brain) and in humans (in plasma) were reviewed and give evidence that antidepressants seem to counteract the modification seen in lipids in MDD, giving some evidence that certain altered lipid profiles could be useful MDD biomarkers for future precision medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T21:08:43Z","timestamp":1644786523000},"page":"2032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Adaptation of Lipid Profiling in Depression Disease and Treatment: A Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7275-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5357-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2021, December 20). World Health Organization Depression\u2014WHO. 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